Big huge-ass cleanup and fixup

- Now works with Chef 11.6, Ubuntu 14.04

- Compatible with execution-phase manipulation of node data by other
  cookbooks, for things like Exhibitor discovery of Zookeeper nodes
  and assembly of the port and service tables from multiple sources.

- A freakin crapload of pedantic style fixups

Change-Id: I083e2a94f50949d97fc1a61c98bee117e081f276