syntax: Enable parsing of `const` globals

This rewrites them to the current `ItemStatic` production of the compiler, but I
want to get this into a snapshot. It will be illegal to use a `static` in a
pattern of a `match` statement, so all those current uses will need to be
rewritten to `const` once it's implemented. This requires that the stage0
snapshot is able to parse `const`.

cc #17718
(It seems sensible that `const mut` is actually detected and handled with a special message: "`const`ants cannot be mutable, maybe you mean a `static`?")