Enable Static File Service by Default

Rails serves assets in development by default, in production this is turned off. The default rails guides require you be running behind nginx. In the last year 800,000+ developers don't want to run behind nginx: https://rubygems.org/gems/rails_serve_static_assets. This PR enables serving assets in Production by default and includes an optimization dramatically faster.

The `ActionDispatch::Static` currently hits disk on ever `GET` and `HEAD` request to verify if the given request maps to a file on disk. This means that all requests that do not involve serving an asset are slowed down. If you are using this middleware and serving assets via Nginx, no asset requests will ever reach `ActionDispatch::Static` so it makes sense as a performance optimization to turn off this middleware. This PR increases the speed to the point where the difference on non-asset requests is trivial, so we can enable the middleware by default for all users with minimal (if any) impact.

The optimization works by getting the contents of `/public` (using one call to `Dir.glob`). We then store this information in a hash. Later on each request we check to see if the path of the request is in our hash for instance a request to `/users/new` would not be in the hash because there is no root level `users/` directory, however a request to `assets/application.css` would trigger the middleware because `assets/` is in the `public/` directory. This prevents us form checking the disk except on a request which is more than likely going to contain an asset.

When benchmarked against the current `ActionDispatch::Static` we saw roughly a ~68% improvement for non-asset requests:

![](https://www.dropbox.com/s/dcsrhrfh7gb44dc/Screenshot%202014-08-08%2014.05.21.png?dl=1)

While 68% is an impressive speed increase, this is only testing the middleware in isolation. When benchmarked with the entire Rails stack we still see an increase but it is roughly ~2.6% speed increase:

![](https://www.dropbox.com/s/bhb0o3tbupw0hus/Screenshot%202014-08-08%2015.06.11.png?dl=1)

Note: The scale on this one does not start at 0.

There is still a speed cost associated with using this middleware versus no middleware. In my benchmarks it resulted in a ~0.7% speed decrease though with a very high standard deviation. You can see in the graph that very frequently the speed of the improved middleware feel in-between the speed of the app without middleware. This means that the decrease is fairly trivial in the scope of your entire application stack. You can still disable this middleware for a performance optimization if you are deploying behind NGINX, but there is no reason why using a CDN with your Rails server as the origin server shouldn't work out of the box.

For more information about the purpose of ActionDispatch::Static and how it is currently used (or not used) to serve assets please see this reference document: https://gist.github.com/schneems/5dc42963fb3221a7a089.