lib: Simplify close and codify aborting atomic section

In Xapian, closing a database implicitly aborts any outstanding
transaction and commits changes.  For historical reasons,
notmuch_database_close had grown to almost, but not quite duplicate
this behavior.  Before closing the database, it would explicitly (and
unnecessarily) commit it.  However, if there was an outstanding
transaction (ie atomic section), commit would throw a Xapian
exception, which notmuch_database_close would unnecessarily print to
stderr, even though notmuch_database_close would ultimately abort the
transaction anyway when it called close.

This patch simplifies notmuch_database_close to explicitly abort any
outstanding transaction and then just call Database::close.  This
works for both read-only and read/write databases, takes care of
committing changes, unifies the exception handling path, and codifies
aborting outstanding transactions.  This is currently the only way to
abort an atomic section (and may remain so, since it would be
difficult to roll back things we may have cached from rolled-back
modifications).