[SPARK-3176] Implement 'ABS and 'LAST' for sql

Add support for the mathematical function"ABS" and the analytic function "last" to return a subset of the rows satisfying a query within spark sql. Test-cases included.

Author: xinyunh <xinyun.huang@huawei.com>
Author: bomeng <golf8lover>

Closes #2099 from xinyunh/sqlTest and squashes the following commits:

71d15e7 [xinyunh] remove POWER part
8843643 [xinyunh] fix the code style issue
39f0309 [bomeng] Modify the code of POWER and ABS. Move them to the file arithmetic
ff8e51e [bomeng] add abs() function support
7f6980a [xinyunh] fix the bug in 'Last' component
b3df91b [xinyunh] add 'Last' component
[SPARK-3448][SQL] Check for null in SpecificMutableRow.update

`SpecificMutableRow.update` doesn't check for null, and breaks existing `MutableRow` contract.

The tricky part here is that for performance considerations, the `update` method of all subclasses of `MutableValue` doesn't check for null and sets the null bit to false.

Author: Cheng Lian <lian.cs.zju@gmail.com>

Closes #2325 from liancheng/check-for-null and squashes the following commits:

9366c44 [Cheng Lian] Check for null in SpecificMutableRow.update
[SPARK-3458] enable python "with" statements for SparkContext

allow for best practice code,

```
try:
  sc = SparkContext()
  app(sc)
finally:
  sc.stop()
```

to be written using a "with" statement,

```
with SparkContext() as sc:
  app(sc)
```

Author: Matthew Farrellee <matt@redhat.com>

Closes #2335 from mattf/SPARK-3458 and squashes the following commits:

5b4e37c [Matthew Farrellee] [SPARK-3458] enable python "with" statements for SparkContext
[SPARK-3395] [SQL] DSL sometimes incorrectly reuses attribute ids, breaking queries

This resolves https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3395

Author: Eric Liang <ekl@google.com>

Closes #2266 from ericl/spark-3395 and squashes the following commits:

7f2b6f0 [Eric Liang] add regression test
05bd1e4 [Eric Liang] in the dsl, create a new schema instance in each applySchema
[SPARK-3286] - Cannot view ApplicationMaster UI when Yarn’s url scheme i...

...s https

Author: Benoy Antony <benoy@apache.org>

Closes #2276 from benoyantony/SPARK-3286 and squashes the following commits:

c3d51ee [Benoy Antony] Use address with scheme, but Allpha version removes the scheme
e82f94e [Benoy Antony] Use address with scheme, but Allpha version removes the scheme
92127c9 [Benoy Antony] rebasing from master
450c536 [Benoy Antony] [SPARK-3286] - Cannot view ApplicationMaster UI when Yarn’s url scheme is https
f060c02 [Benoy Antony] [SPARK-3286] - Cannot view ApplicationMaster UI when Yarn’s url scheme is https
[SPARK-3362][SQL] Fix resolution for casewhen with nulls.

Current implementation will ignore else val type.

Author: Daoyuan Wang <daoyuan.wang@intel.com>

Closes #2245 from adrian-wang/casewhenbug and squashes the following commits:

3332f6e [Daoyuan Wang] remove wrong comment
83b536c [Daoyuan Wang] a comment to trigger retest
d7315b3 [Daoyuan Wang] code improve
eed35fc [Daoyuan Wang] bug in casewhen resolve
[SPARK-3363][SQL] Type Coercion should promote null to all other types.

Type Coercion should support every type to have null value

Author: Daoyuan Wang <daoyuan.wang@intel.com>
Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #2246 from adrian-wang/spark3363-0 and squashes the following commits:

c6241de [Daoyuan Wang] minor code clean
595b417 [Daoyuan Wang] Merge pull request #2 from marmbrus/pr/2246
832e640 [Michael Armbrust] reduce code duplication
ef6f986 [Daoyuan Wang] make double boolean miss in jsonRDD compatibleType
c619f0a [Daoyuan Wang] Type Coercion should support every type to have null value
[HOTFIX] Fix scala style issue introduced by #2276.
SPARK-1713. Use a thread pool for launching executors.

This patch copies the approach used in the MapReduce application master for launching containers.

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

Closes #663 from sryza/sandy-spark-1713 and squashes the following commits:

036550d [Sandy Ryza] SPARK-1713. [YARN] Use a threadpool for launching executor containers
[SPARK-2096][SQL] Correctly parse dot notations

First let me write down the current `projections` grammar of spark sql:

    expression                : orExpression
    orExpression              : andExpression {"or" andExpression}
    andExpression             : comparisonExpression {"and" comparisonExpression}
    comparisonExpression      : termExpression | termExpression "=" termExpression | termExpression ">" termExpression | ...
    termExpression            : productExpression {"+"|"-" productExpression}
    productExpression         : baseExpression {"*"|"/"|"%" baseExpression}
    baseExpression            : expression "[" expression "]" | ... | ident | ...
    ident                     : identChar {identChar | digit} | delimiters | ...
    identChar                 : letter | "_" | "."
    delimiters                : "," | ";" | "(" | ")" | "[" | "]" | ...
    projection                : expression [["AS"] ident]
    projections               : projection { "," projection}

For something like `a.b.c[1]`, it will be parsed as:
<img src="http://img51.imgspice.com/i/03008/4iltjsnqgmtt_t.jpg" border=0>
But for something like `a[1].b`, the current grammar can't parse it correctly.
A simple solution is written in `ParquetQuerySuite#NestedSqlParser`, changed grammars are:

    delimiters                : "." | "," | ";" | "(" | ")" | "[" | "]" | ...
    identChar                 : letter | "_"
    baseExpression            : expression "[" expression "]" | expression "." ident | ... | ident | ...
This works well, but can't cover some corner case like `select t.a.b from table as t`:
<img src="http://img51.imgspice.com/i/03008/v2iau3hoxoxg_t.jpg" border=0>
`t.a.b` parsed as `GetField(GetField(UnResolved("t"), "a"), "b")` instead of `GetField(UnResolved("t.a"), "b")` using this new grammar.
However, we can't resolve `t` as it's not a filed, but the whole table.(if we could do this, then `select t from table as t` is legal, which is unexpected)
My solution is:

    dotExpressionHeader       : ident "." ident
    baseExpression            : expression "[" expression "]" | expression "." ident | ... | dotExpressionHeader  | ident | ...
I passed all test cases under sql locally and add a more complex case.
"arrayOfStruct.field1 to access all values of field1" is not supported yet. Since this PR has changed a lot of code, I will open another PR for it.
I'm not familiar with the latter optimize phase, please correct me if I missed something.

Author: Wenchen Fan <cloud0fan@163.com>
Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #2230 from cloud-fan/dot and squashes the following commits:

e1a8898 [Wenchen Fan] remove support for arbitrary nested arrays
ee8a724 [Wenchen Fan] rollback LogicalPlan, support dot operation on nested array type
a58df40 [Michael Armbrust] add regression test for doubly nested data
16bc4c6 [Wenchen Fan] some enhance
95d733f [Wenchen Fan] split long line
dc31698 [Wenchen Fan] SPARK-2096 Correctly parse dot notations
[SPARK-3411] Improve load-balancing of concurrently-submitted drivers across workers

If the waiting driver array is too big, the drivers in it will be dispatched to the first worker we get(if it has enough resources), with or without the Randomization.

We should do randomization every time we dispatch a driver, in order to better balance drivers.

Author: WangTaoTheTonic <barneystinson@aliyun.com>
Author: WangTao <barneystinson@aliyun.com>

Closes #1106 from WangTaoTheTonic/fixBalanceDrivers and squashes the following commits:

d1a928b [WangTaoTheTonic] Minor adjustment
b6560cf [WangTaoTheTonic] solve the shuffle problem for HashSet
f674e59 [WangTaoTheTonic] add comment and minor fix
2835929 [WangTao] solve the failed test and avoid filtering
2ca3091 [WangTao] fix checkstyle
bc91bb1 [WangTao] Avoid shuffle every time we schedule the driver using round robin
bbc7087 [WangTaoTheTonic] Optimize the schedule in Master
[SPARK-2207][SPARK-3272][MLLib]Add minimum information gain and minimum instances per node as training parameters for decision tree.

These two parameters can act as early stop rules to do pre-pruning. When a split cause cause left or right child to have less than `minInstancesPerNode` or has less information gain than `minInfoGain`, current node will not be split by this split.

When there is no possible splits that satisfy requirements, there is no useful information gain stats, but we still need to calculate the predict value for current node. So I separated calculation of predict from calculation of information gain, which can also save computation when the number of possible splits is large. Please see [SPARK-3272](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3272) for more details.

CC: mengxr manishamde jkbradley, please help me review this, thanks.

Author: qiping.lqp <qiping.lqp@alibaba-inc.com>
Author: chouqin <liqiping1991@gmail.com>

Closes #2332 from chouqin/dt-preprune and squashes the following commits:

f1d11d1 [chouqin] fix typo
c7ebaf1 [chouqin] fix typo
39f9b60 [chouqin] change edge `minInstancesPerNode` to 2 and add one more test
0278a11 [chouqin] remove `noSplit` and set `Predict` private to tree
d593ec7 [chouqin] fix docs and change minInstancesPerNode to 1
efcc736 [qiping.lqp] fix bug
10b8012 [qiping.lqp] fix style
6728fad [qiping.lqp] minor fix: remove empty lines
bb465ca [qiping.lqp] Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/apache/spark into dt-preprune
cadd569 [qiping.lqp] add api docs
46b891f [qiping.lqp] fix bug
e72c7e4 [qiping.lqp] add comments
845c6fa [qiping.lqp] fix style
f195e83 [qiping.lqp] fix style
987cbf4 [qiping.lqp] fix bug
ff34845 [qiping.lqp] separate calculation of predict of node from calculation of info gain
ac42378 [qiping.lqp] add min info gain and min instances per node parameters in decision tree
[SQL] Add test case with workaround for reading partitioned Avro files

In order to read from partitioned Avro files we need to also set the `SERDEPROPERTIES` since `TBLPROPERTIES` are not passed to the initialization.  This PR simply adds a test to make sure we don't break this workaround.

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #2340 from marmbrus/avroPartitioned and squashes the following commits:

6b969d6 [Michael Armbrust] fix style
fea2124 [Michael Armbrust] Add test case with workaround for reading partitioned avro files.
[SPARK-3447][SQL] Remove explicit conversion with JListWrapper to avoid NPE

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #2323 from marmbrus/kryoJListNPE and squashes the following commits:

9634f11 [Michael Armbrust] Rollback JSON RDD changes
4d4d93c [Michael Armbrust] Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into kryoJListNPE
646976b [Michael Armbrust] Fix JSON RDD Conversion too
59065bc [Michael Armbrust] Remove explicit conversion to avoid NPE
[SPARK-2781][SQL] Check resolution of LogicalPlans in Analyzer.

LogicalPlan contains a ‘resolved’ attribute indicating that all of its execution requirements have been resolved. This attribute is not checked before query execution. The analyzer contains a step to check that all Expressions are resolved, but this is not equivalent to checking all LogicalPlans. In particular, the Union plan’s implementation of ‘resolved’ verifies that the types of its children’s columns are compatible. Because the analyzer does not check that a Union plan is resolved, it is possible to execute a Union plan that outputs different types in the same column.  See SPARK-2781 for an example.

This patch adds two checks to the analyzer’s CheckResolution rule. First, each logical plan is checked to see if it is not resolved despite its children being resolved. This allows the ‘problem’ unresolved plan to be included in the TreeNodeException for reporting. Then as a backstop the root plan is checked to see if it is resolved, which recursively checks that the entire plan tree is resolved. Note that the resolved attribute is implemented recursively, and this patch also explicitly checks the resolved attribute on each logical plan in the tree. I assume the query plan trees will not be large enough for this redundant checking to meaningfully impact performance.

Because this patch starts validating that LogicalPlans are resolved before execution, I had to fix some cases where unresolved plans were passing through the analyzer as part of the implementation of the hive query system. In particular, HiveContext applies the CreateTables and PreInsertionCasts, and ExtractPythonUdfs rules manually after the analyzer runs. I moved these rules to the analyzer stage (for hive queries only), in the process completing a code TODO indicating the rules should be moved to the analyzer.

It’s worth noting that moving the CreateTables rule means introducing an analyzer rule with a significant side effect - in this case the side effect is creating a hive table. The rule will only attempt to create a table once even if its batch is executed multiple times, because it converts the InsertIntoCreatedTable plan it matches against into an InsertIntoTable. Additionally, these hive rules must be added to the Resolution batch rather than as a separate batch because hive rules rules may be needed to resolve non-root nodes, leaving the root to be resolved on a subsequent batch iteration. For example, the hive compatibility test auto_smb_mapjoin_14, and others, make use of a query plan where the root is a Union and its children are each a hive InsertIntoTable.

Mixing the custom hive rules with standard analyzer rules initially resulted in an additional failure because of policy differences between spark sql and hive when casting a boolean to a string. Hive casts booleans to strings as “true” / “false” while spark sql casts booleans to strings as “1” / “0” (causing the cast1.q test to fail). This behavior is a result of the BooleanCasts rule in HiveTypeCoercion.scala, and from looking at the implementation of BooleanCasts I think converting to to “1”/“0” is potentially a programming mistake. (If the BooleanCasts rule is disabled, casting produces “true”/“false” instead.) I believe “true” / “false” should be the behavior for spark sql - I changed the behavior so bools are converted to “true”/“false” to be consistent with hive, and none of the existing spark tests failed.

Finally, in some initial testing with hive it appears that an implicit type coercion of boolean to string results in a lowercase string, e.g. CONCAT( TRUE, “” ) -> “true” while an explicit cast produces an all caps string, e.g. CAST( TRUE AS STRING ) -> “TRUE”.  The change I’ve made just converts to lowercase strings in all cases.  I believe it is at least more correct than the existing spark sql implementation where all Cast expressions become “1” / “0”.

Author: Aaron Staple <aaron.staple@gmail.com>

Closes #1706 from staple/SPARK-2781 and squashes the following commits:

32683c4 [Aaron Staple] Fix compilation failure due to merge.
7c77fda [Aaron Staple] Move ExtractPythonUdfs to Analyzer's extendedRules in HiveContext.
d49bfb3 [Aaron Staple] Address review comments.
915b690 [Aaron Staple] Fix merge issue causing compilation failure.
701dcd2 [Aaron Staple] [SPARK-2781][SQL] Check resolution of LogicalPlans in Analyzer.
[SPARK-2140] Updating heap memory calculation for YARN stable and alpha.

Updated pull request, reflecting YARN stable and alpha states. I am getting intermittent test failures on my own test infrastructure. Is that tracked anywhere yet?

Author: Chris Cope <ccope@resilientscience.com>

Closes #2253 from copester/master and squashes the following commits:

5ad89da [Chris Cope] [SPARK-2140] Removing calculateAMMemory functions since they are no longer needed.
52b4e45 [Chris Cope] [SPARK-2140] Updating heap memory calculation for YARN stable and alpha.
[SPARK-3047] [PySpark] add an option to use str in textFileRDD

str is much efficient than unicode (both CPU and memory), it'e better to use str in textFileRDD. In order to keep compatibility, use unicode by default. (Maybe change it in the future).

use_unicode=True:

daviesliudm:~/work/spark$ time python wc.py
(u'./universe/spark/sql/core/target/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/ExplainCommand$.java', 7776)

real	2m8.298s
user	0m0.185s
sys	0m0.064s

use_unicode=False

daviesliudm:~/work/spark$ time python wc.py
('./universe/spark/sql/core/target/java/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/ExplainCommand$.java', 7776)

real	1m26.402s
user	0m0.182s
sys	0m0.062s

We can see that it got 32% improvement!

Author: Davies Liu <davies.liu@gmail.com>

Closes #1951 from davies/unicode and squashes the following commits:

8352d57 [Davies Liu] update version number
a286f2f [Davies Liu] rollback loads()
85246e5 [Davies Liu] add docs for use_unicode
a0295e1 [Davies Liu] add an option to use str in textFile()
[SPARK-2917] [SQL] Avoid table creation in logical plan analyzing for CTAS

Author: Cheng Hao <hao.cheng@intel.com>

Closes #1846 from chenghao-intel/ctas and squashes the following commits:

56a0578 [Cheng Hao] remove the unused imports
9a57abc [Cheng Hao] Avoid table creation in logical plan analyzing
[SPARK-3390][SQL] sqlContext.jsonRDD fails on a complex structure of JSON array and JSON object nesting

This PR aims to correctly handle JSON arrays in the type of `ArrayType(...(ArrayType(StructType)))`.

JIRA: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-3390.

Author: Yin Huai <huai@cse.ohio-state.edu>

Closes #2364 from yhuai/SPARK-3390 and squashes the following commits:

46db418 [Yin Huai] Handle JSON arrays in the type of ArrayType(...(ArrayType(StructType))).
[Spark-3490] Disable SparkUI for tests

We currently open many ephemeral ports during the tests, and as a result we occasionally can't bind to new ones. This has caused the `DriverSuite` and the `SparkSubmitSuite` to fail intermittently.

By disabling the `SparkUI` when it's not needed, we already cut down on the number of ports opened significantly, on the order of the number of `SparkContexts` ever created. We must keep it enabled for a few tests for the UI itself, however.

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #2363 from andrewor14/disable-ui-for-tests and squashes the following commits:

332a7d5 [Andrew Or] No need to set spark.ui.port to 0 anymore
30c93a2 [Andrew Or] Simplify streaming UISuite
a431b84 [Andrew Or] Fix streaming test failures
8f5ae53 [Andrew Or] Fix no new line at the end
29c9b5b [Andrew Or] Disable SparkUI for tests