SI-8217 allow abstract type members in objects

Previously, abstract type members were allowed in objects only when inherited,
but not when declared directly. This inconsistency was not intended. In dotty,
abstract type members are allowed in values and represent existentials; so upon
discussion, it was decided to fix things to conform to dotty and allow such type
members. Adriaan also asked to keep rejecting abstract type members in methods
even though they would conceivably make sense.

Discussions happened on #3407, scala/scala-dist#127.
This code is improved from #3442, keeps closer to the current logic, and passes tests.
I did not yet add extra test cases though, will do so in separate commits.