Fix new warning in ruby 2.2
Remove `klass` and `arel_table` as a dependency of `PredicateBuilder`

This class cares far too much about the internals of other parts of
Active Record. This is an attempt to break out a meaningful object which
represents the needs of the predicate builder. I'm not fully satisfied
with the name, but the general concept is an object which represents a
table, the associations to/from that table, and the types associated
with it. Many of these exist at the `ActiveRecord::Base` class level,
not as properties of the table itself, hence the need for another
object. Currently it provides these by holding a reference to the class,
but that will likely change in the future. This allows the predicate
builder to remain wholy concerned with building predicates.

/cc @mrgilman