Cut down the granularity of travis tests.

This PR amortizes the cost of downloading all the jars and compiling core across more test cases.  In one anecdotal run this change takes the cumulative time down from ~80 minutes to ~40 minutes.

Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>

Closes #255 from marmbrus/travis and squashes the following commits:

506b22d [Michael Armbrust] Cut down the granularity of travis tests so we can amortize the cost of compilation.