rustc: Start accepting `*const T`

This does not yet change the compiler and libraries from `*T` to `*const T` as
it will require a snapshot to do so.

cc #7362
rustdoc: show default type parameters in generics

fix #12291
Fix a #14731 regression in missing_constructor() for vector patterns

Fixes #15080.
Make destructuring trait reference work

Closes #15031.
std: micro-optimize Vec constructors and add benchmarks

Generally speaking, inlining doesn't really help out with
constructing vectors, except for when we construct a zero-sized
vector. This patch allows llvm to optimize this case away in
a lot of cases, which shaves off 4-8ns. It's not much, but it
might help in some inner loop somewhere.

before:

running 12 tests
test bench_extend_0          ... bench:       123 ns/iter (+/- 6)
test bench_extend_5          ... bench:       323 ns/iter (+/- 11)
test bench_from_fn_0         ... bench:         7 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_from_fn_5         ... bench:        49 ns/iter (+/- 6)
test bench_from_iter_0       ... bench:        11 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_from_iter_5       ... bench:       176 ns/iter (+/- 11)
test bench_from_slice_0      ... bench:         8 ns/iter (+/- 1)
test bench_from_slice_5      ... bench:        73 ns/iter (+/- 5)
test bench_new               ... bench:         0 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_with_capacity_0   ... bench:         6 ns/iter (+/- 1)
test bench_with_capacity_100 ... bench:        41 ns/iter (+/- 3)
test bench_with_capacity_5   ... bench:        40 ns/iter (+/- 2)

after:

test bench_extend_0          ... bench:       123 ns/iter (+/- 7)
test bench_extend_5          ... bench:       339 ns/iter (+/- 27)
test bench_from_fn_0         ... bench:         7 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_from_fn_5         ... bench:        54 ns/iter (+/- 4)
test bench_from_iter_0       ... bench:        11 ns/iter (+/- 1)
test bench_from_iter_5       ... bench:       182 ns/iter (+/- 16)
test bench_from_slice_0      ... bench:         4 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_from_slice_5      ... bench:        62 ns/iter (+/- 3)
test bench_new               ... bench:         0 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_with_capacity_0   ... bench:         0 ns/iter (+/- 0)
test bench_with_capacity_100 ... bench:        41 ns/iter (+/- 1)
test bench_with_capacity_5   ... bench:        41 ns/iter (+/- 3)
serialize: Simplify the json docs
std: inline many of the Writer/Reader methods

This allows llvm to optimize away much of the overhead from using
the MemReader/MemWriters. My benchmarks showed it to shave 15% off
of my in progress serialization/json encoding.
collections: fix running `make check-stage1-collections`
Fix spurious non-exhaustive errors for cross-crate struct variants
RegionFolder should only invoke callback on free regions.

In other words, Late-bound regions that occur non-free should be
skipped.

Fix #10846.
Refactor the unification code and rejuvenate the unit test
infrastructure that has been accidentally left out of the build
for a rather long time (it was still using `@DVec`!)
Remove duplicated test files

Even if they used to test different things in the past, they are
now identical to other files.

Closes #11496
Rename and move ty_param_substs_and_ty
Rename ty_param_bounds_and_ty to Polytype
librustc: Fix poorly formatted doc in feature_gate

The #![feature(...)] line had been rendering in the docs as a header
because of Markdown syntax.
libsyntax: don't allow enum structs with no fields

Unit-like structs are written as `struct Foo;`, but we erroneously
accepted `struct Foo();` and took it to mean the same thing. Now we
don't, so use the `struct Foo;` form!

[breaking-change]
auto merge of #15091 : nikomatsakis/rust/issue-5527-rename-types, r=pcwalton

Some cleanups I'm sick of rebasing.

r? @pcwalton (do you agree with new names?)
auto merge of #15081 : jakub-/rust/issue-15080, r=alexcrichton

Fixes #15080.
Change /bin/env to /usr/bin/env in helper python script, as it is more portable
auto merge of #15068 : erickt/rust/mem-inline, r=pcwalton

This is a couple micro-optimizations I've been sitting on for a while. This inlines a couple functions that are important to the `std::io::mem`. Ultimately, this results in about a 15% performance increase in some micro-benchmarks for my [libserialize](https://github.com/erickt/rust-serde) rewrite.