rustc: add a lint for large enum variants

It can be easy to accidentally bloat the size of an enum by making one variant
larger than the others. When this happens, it usually goes unnoticed. This
commit adds a lint that can warn when the largest variant in an enum is more
than 3 times larger than the second-largest variant. This requires a little
bit of rejiggering, because size information is only available in trans, but
lint levels are only available in the lint context.

It is allow by default because it's pretty noisy, and isn't really *that*
undesirable.

Closes #10362
rustc: abstract lint level exporting from EnumSizeVariance