Trac 16051: comparing fast_callable constants by value and type
Trac #16051: changed type to parent for constant comparison
Merge branches 'digraph/is_aperiodic', 'fsm/final_components' and 'fsm/is_complete' into fsm/asymptotics_out_sum
finite_state_machine: Add an example on the Gray code into the documentation
FiniteStateMachine.output_sum_asymptotics: New method

Returns the main terms of expectation and variance of the sum
of output labels and its covariance with the sum of input
labels.

This implements one of the results of the forthcoming paper:
Clemens Heuberger, Sara Kropf and Stephan Wagner,
*Combinatorial Characterization of Independent Transducers via
Functional Digraphs*.
FiniteStateMachine.output_sum_asymptotics: allow non-integer labels

Previously, non-integer input or output labels led to a TypeError,
because the generating functions are not in the polynomial ring.
This is now caught. A (silencable) warning is printed instead.
fixed documentation and error description
renamed output_sum_asymptotics to asymptotic_moments
Illegal arguments to EllipticCurve_gen._multiple_x_numerator/denominator() should raise a ValueError
Use @cached_method decorator for _multiple_x_numerator/denominator in EllipticCurve_generic
FiniteStateMachine.asymptotic_moments: Take FSMState.word_out into account
Merge remote-tracking branch '#16132' into fsm/example_gray_code
Merge branch 'fsm/operator_transducers' into fsm/example_gray_code
Gray code example modified and prepackaged transducer
Merge branch 'fsm/operator_transducers' into fsm/example_gray_code
Merge branch 'fsm/example_gray_code' into fsm/asymptotic-moments
Merge branch 'fsm/cartesian-product-intersection-additional-example' into fsm/asymptotic-moments
construct all examples for HKW2014 using transducers....
Use cached_function to cache computations in division_polynomial_0 of elliptic curves
Fixed a typo in a reference.