Handle aliased attributes in ActiveRecord::Relation.

When using symbol keys, ActiveRecord will now translate aliased attribute names to the actual column name used in the database:

With the model

  class Topic
    alias_attribute :heading, :title
  end

The call

  Topic.where(heading: 'The First Topic')

should yield the same result as

  Topic.where(title: 'The First Topic')

This also applies to ActiveRecord::Relation::Calculations calls such as `Model.sum(:aliased)` and `Model.pluck(:aliased)`.

This will not work with SQL fragment strings like `Model.sum('DISTINCT aliased')`.

Github #7839

*Godfrey Chan*
Merge pull request #7839 from chancancode/handle_aliased_attributes_in_ar_relation

Handle aliased attributes in AR::Relation
Convert ActiveModel to 1.9 hash syntax.

I also attempted to fix other styleguide violations such as
{ a: :b } over {a: :b} and foo(b: 'bar') over foo( b: 'bar' ).