Replace small-menu.js with navigation.js inspired by Twenty Twelve.

Doesn't use jQuery, slightly easier to understand, uses a media query for max-width, rather than JS events making it faster to respond.
Renaming inc/tweaks.php to inc/extras.php and including by default in functions.php
Use a filter for wp_title instead of hard-coding things in header.php
Corrected two typos

"don't" with &apos; should be more correct than &rsquot; (or is it better to escape it \' ?)
I personally find the line * translators: %1$s: smiley */ pretty confusing, but at least it should be singular (not smilies)
Removed dangling pubdate attributes

The <time> attribute "pubdate" appears to no longer be part of the HTML5 spec, so remove them (they weren't being used anyways)
Added max-width to select elements in widgets to prevent it overflowing. This intends to fix a common issue - the dropdown in the category widget overflows when a blog has a long category name
Fix tag list separator i18n in content-single.php
Merge pull request #110 from naokomc/tag-list-separator-branch-patch

Fix tag list separator i18n in content-single.php
Password Inputs

Adds password input types to styles for text and email inputs.
Escape home_url() in #site-title link

We escape the URL when displaying custom-header.php and searchform.php, which leads me to believe it should also be escaped here.
Merge pull request #79 from kovshenin/patch-11

* Introduces a filter for wp_title instead of hard-coding things in header.php
* Renames inc/tweaks.php to inc/extras.php
* Includes inc/extras.php by default in functions.php

See #12, #13, #33
Merge pull request #113 from sixhours/patch-3

Escape home_url() in #site-title link. props @sixhours
Theme Customizer > Theme Options

* Removes sample theme options
* Adds Theme Customizer enhancement (actually working!)

Goal: Emphasize the use of the Customizer versus out of style Theme
Options.
s/theme-customizer/customizer
Follow through with 'customizer' naming convention.
show space using &nbsp; instead of actual space, as Github trims it in markdown rendering

Deals with Issue #123
add &nbsp; in replacement text too
use code tags in markdown instead of backticks to be able to use &nbsp;
get_the_author() should not be escaped when used as text. Escaping should only occur when used in an attribute.
_s: Add additional Post Formats into functions.php, to be in line with WordPress.com's Instapost posting experience.