Fix some internal and external links in the documentation
Introduce more consistent capitalization of Python, Cython and NumPy
Remove extra commas before colons (,:: -> ::)
Prefer the use of C++ style pointer declarations (char *c -> char* c)
Fix broken code samples (indent, spaces, failing doctest)
Update code samples to use newer Cython / Python syntax
Fix various typos in the documentation
Fix one instance of code highlighting
Undo a couple of documentation fixes (where the old style was intentional).