add nonempty encoding for spans

Before this change, encoding an object containing a codemap::span
using the JSON encodeng produced invalid JSON, for instance:
[{"span":,"global":false,"idents":["abc"]}]
Since the decoder for codemap::span's ignores its argument, I
conjecture that this will not damage decoding, and should improve
it for many decoders.
auto merge of #5357 : jbclements/rust/add-nonempty-span-encoding, r=brson

r? @nikomatsakis 
r? @erickt 

Before this change, encoding an object containing a codemap::span
using the JSON encodeng produced invalid JSON, for instance:
[{"span":,"global":false,"idents":["abc"]}]
Since the decoder for codemap::span's ignores its argument, I
conjecture that this will not damage decoding, and should improve
it for many decoders.