iterator: add DoubleEndedIterator concept

This implements the trait for vector iterators, replacing the reverse
iterator types. The methods will stay, for implementing the future
reverse Iterable traits and convenience.

This can also be trivially implemented for circular buffers and other
variants of arrays like strings and `SmallIntMap`.

The `DoubleEndedIterator` trait will allow for implementing algorithms
like in-place reverse on generic mutable iterators.

The naming (`Range` vs. `Iterator`, `Bidirectional` vs. `DoubleEnded`)
can be bikeshedded in the future.