tree/tiny rcu: Add debug RCU head objects

Helps finding racy users of call_rcu(), which results in hangs because list
entries are overwritten and/or skipped.

Changelog since v4:
- Bissectability is now OK
- Now generate a WARN_ON_ONCE() for non-initialized rcu_head passed to
  call_rcu(). Statically initialized objects are detected with
  object_is_static().
- Rename rcu_head_init_on_stack to init_rcu_head_on_stack.
- Remove init_rcu_head() completely.

Changelog since v3:
- Include comments from Lai Jiangshan

This new patch version is based on the debugobjects with the newly introduced
"active state" tracker.

Non-initialized entries are all considered as "statically initialized". An
activation fixup (triggered by call_rcu()) takes care of performing the debug
object initialization without issuing any warning. Since we cannot increase the
size of struct rcu_head, I don't see much room to put an identifier for
statically initialized rcu_head structures. So for now, we have to live without
"activation without explicit init" detection. But the main purpose of this debug
option is to detect double-activations (double call_rcu() use of a rcu_head
before the callback is executed), which is correctly addressed here.

This also detects potential internal RCU callback corruption, which would cause
the callbacks to be executed twice.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
CC: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org
CC: mingo@elte.hu
CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com
CC: josh@joshtriplett.org
CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
CC: niv@us.ibm.com
CC: tglx@linutronix.de
CC: peterz@infradead.org
CC: rostedt@goodmis.org
CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
CC: dhowells@redhat.com
CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com
CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
rcu: add an rcu_dereference_index_check()

The sparse RCU-pointer checking relies on type magic that dereferences
the pointer in question.  This does not work if the pointer is in fact
an array index.  This commit therefore supplies a new RCU API that
omits the sparse checking to continue to support rcu_dereference()
on integers.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: simplify the usage of percpu data

&percpu_data is compatible with allocated percpu data.

And we use it and remove the "->rda[NR_CPUS]" array, saving significant
storage on systems with large numbers of CPUs.  This does add an additional
level of indirection and thus an additional cache line referenced, but
because ->rda is not used on the read side, this is OK.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
rcu: improve kerneldoc for rcu_read_lock(), call_rcu(), and synchronize_rcu()

Make it explicit that new RCU read-side critical sections that start
after call_rcu() and synchronize_rcu() start might still be running
after the end of the relevant grace period.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
rcu: Add a TINY_PREEMPT_RCU

Implement a small-memory-footprint uniprocessor-only implementation of
preemptible RCU.  This implementation uses but a single blocked-tasks
list rather than the combinatorial number used per leaf rcu_node by
TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, which reduces memory consumption and greatly simplifies
processing.  This version also takes advantage of uniprocessor execution
to accelerate grace periods in the case where there are no readers.

The general design is otherwise broadly similar to that of TREE_PREEMPT_RCU.

This implementation is a step towards having RCU implementation driven
off of the SMP and PREEMPT kernel configuration variables, which can
happen once this implementation has accumulated sufficient experience.

Removed ACCESS_ONCE() from __rcu_read_unlock() and added barrier() as
suggested by Steve Rostedt in order to avoid the compiler-reordering
issue noted by Mathieu Desnoyers (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/16/183).

As can be seen below, CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU represents almost 5Kbyte
savings compared to CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU.  Of course, for non-real-time
workloads, CONFIG_TINY_RCU is even better.

	CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU

	   text	   data	    bss	    dec	   filename
	     13	      0	      0	     13	   kernel/rcupdate.o
	   6170	    825	     28	   7023	   kernel/rcutree.o
				   ----
				   7026    Total

	CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU

	   text	   data	    bss	    dec	   filename
	     13	      0	      0	     13	   kernel/rcupdate.o
	   2081	     81	      8	   2170	   kernel/rcutiny.o
				   ----
				   2183    Total

	CONFIG_TINY_RCU (non-preemptible)

	   text	   data	    bss	    dec	   filename
	     13	      0	      0	     13	   kernel/rcupdate.o
	    719	     25	      0	    744	   kernel/rcutiny.o
				    ---
				    757    Total

Requested-by: Loïc Minier <loic.minier@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: update obsolete rcu_read_lock() comment.

The comment says that blocking is illegal in rcu_read_lock()-style
RCU read-side critical sections, which is no longer entirely true
given preemptible RCU.  This commit provides a fix.

Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: repair code-duplication FIXMEs

Combine the duplicate definitions of ULONG_CMP_GE(), ULONG_CMP_LT(),
and rcu_preempt_depth() into include/linux/rcupdate.h.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: permit suppressing current grace period's CPU stall warnings

When using a kernel debugger, a long sojourn in the debugger can get
you lots of RCU CPU stall warnings once you resume.  This might not be
helpful, especially if you are using the system console.  This patch
therefore allows RCU CPU stall warnings to be suppressed, but only for
the duration of the current set of grace periods.

This differs from Jason's original patch in that it adds support for
tiny RCU and preemptible RCU, and uses a slightly different method for
suppressing the RCU CPU stall warning messages.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
rcu: combine duplicate code, courtesy of CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU

The CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU kernel configuration parameter was recently
re-introduced, but as an indication of the type of RCU (preemptible
vs. non-preemptible) instead of as selecting a given implementation.
This commit uses CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU to combine duplicate code
from include/linux/rcutiny.h and include/linux/rcutree.h into
include/linux/rcupdate.h.  This commit also combines a few other pieces
of duplicate code that have accumulated.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: apply TINY_PREEMPT_RCU read-side speedup to TREE_PREEMPT_RCU

Replace one of the ACCESS_ONCE() calls in each of __rcu_read_lock()
and __rcu_read_unlock() with barrier() as suggested by Steve Rostedt in
order to avoid the potential compiler-optimization-induced bug noted by
Mathieu Desnoyers.

Located-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: fix _oddness handling of verbose stall warnings

CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE depends on CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, but
rcu_bootup_announce_oddness() complains if CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE
is not set even in the case of CONFIG_TREE_RCU.  This commit therefore
fixes rcu_bootup_announce_oddness() to avoid insisting on impossibilities.

Reported-by: Guy Martin <gmsoft@tuxicoman.be>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: performance fixes to TINY_PREEMPT_RCU callback checking

This commit tightens up checks in rcu_preempt_check_callbacks() to avoid
unnecessary special handling at rcu_read_unlock() time.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: move TINY_RCU from softirq to kthread

If RCU priority boosting is to be meaningful, callback invocation must
be boosted in addition to preempted RCU readers.  Otherwise, in presence
of CPU real-time threads, the grace period ends, but the callbacks don't
get invoked.  If the callbacks don't get invoked, the associated memory
doesn't get freed, so the system is still subject to OOM.

But it is not reasonable to priority-boost RCU_SOFTIRQ, so this commit
moves the callback invocations to a kthread, which can be boosted easily.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: call __rcu_read_unlock() in exit_rcu for tiny RCU

Using __rcu_read_lock() in place of rcu_read_lock() leaves any debug
state as it really should be, namely with the lock still held.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcutorture: add random preemption

Add random preemption to help we to torture the preemptable rcu.

srcu_read_delay() also calls rcu_read_delay() for shorter delays.

Added comment to preempt_schedule() call indicating that no quiescent
states happen if preemption is disabled.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
rcu: fix sparse errors in rcutorture.c

Add the sparse __rcu address-space identifier and make a couple of
variables static.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: Add tracing data to support queueing models

The current tracing data is not sufficient to deduce the average time
that a callback spends waiting for a grace period to end.  Add three
per-CPU counters recording the number of callbacks invoked (ci), the
number of callbacks orphaned (co), and the number of callbacks adopted
(ca).  Given the existing callback queue length (ql), the average wait
time in absence of CPU hotplug operations is ql/ci.  The units of wait
time will be in terms of the duration over which ci was measured.

In the presence of CPU hotplug operations, there is room for argument,
but ql/(ci-co+ca) won't steer you too far wrong.

Also fixes a typo called out by Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com>.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: using ACCESS_ONCE() to observe the jiffies_stall/rnp->qsmask value

Using ACCESS_ONCE() to observe the jiffies_stall/rnp->qsmask value
due to the caller didn't hold the root_rcu/rnp node's lock.  Although
use without ACCESS_ONCE() is safe due to the value loaded being used
but once, the ACCESS_ONCE() is a good documentation aid -- the variables
are being loaded without the services of a lock.

Signed-off-by: Dongdong Deng <dongdong.deng@windriver.com>
CC: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
CC: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: move check from rcu_dereference_bh to rcu_read_lock_bh_held

As suggested by Linus, push the irqs_disabled() down to the
rcu_read_lock_bh_held() level so that all callers get the benefit
of the correct check.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
rcu: add priority-inversion testing to rcutorture

Add an optional test to force long-term preemption of RCU read-side
critical sections, controlled by new test_boost, test_boost_interval,
and test_boost_duration module parameters.  This is to be used to
test RCU priority boosting.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>