HDFS-4403. DFSClient can infer checksum type when not provided by reading first byte. Contributed by Todd Lipcon.

git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-2@1436731 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
Merge branch 'branch-2' of github.com:griddynamics/yhadoop-common into branch-2-gd
Merge branch 'branch-2-gd' of github.com:griddynamics/yhadoop-common into fb-HADOOP-9078-branch-2-gd