Fix crash in assign_collations_walker for EXISTS with empty SELECT list.

We (I think I, actually) forgot about this corner case while coding
collation resolution.  Per bug #8648 from Arjen Nienhuis.
Report exit code from external recovery commands properly

When an external recovery command such as restore_command or
archive_cleanup_command fails, report the exit code properly,
distinguishing signals and normal exists, using the existing
wait_result_to_str() facility, instead of just reporting the return
value from system().

Reviewed-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@heroku.com>
doc: Refine documentation about recovery command exist status

Add more documentation about how different exit codes and signals are
handled in each case.

Reviewed-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@heroku.com>
libpq:  change PQconndefaults() to ignore invalid service files

Previously missing or invalid service files returned NULL.  Also fix
pg_upgrade to report "out of memory" for a null return from
PQconndefaults().

Patch by Steve Singer, rewritten by me
Update C comment for pg_fe_getauthname

This function no longer takes an argument.
C comment:  again update comment for pg_fe_sendauth for error cases
Fix full-page writes of internal GIN pages.

Insertion to a non-leaf GIN page didn't make a full-page image of the page,
which is wrong. The code used to do it correctly, but was changed (commit
853d1c3103fa961ae6219f0281885b345593d101) because the redo-routine didn't
track incomplete splits correctly when the page was restored from a full
page image. Of course, that was not right way to fix it, the redo routine
should've been fixed instead. The redo-routine was surreptitiously fixed
in 2010 (commit 4016bdef8aded77b4903c457050622a5a1815c16), so all we need
to do now is revert the code that creates the record to its original form.

This doesn't change the format of the WAL record.

Backpatch to all supported versions.
Don't include unused space in LOG_NEWPAGE records.

This is the same trick we use when taking a full page image of a buffer
passed to XLogInsert.