libceph: init sent and completed when starting

The rbd code has a need to be able to restart an osd request that
has already been started and completed once before.  This currently
wouldn't work right because the osd client code assumes an osd
request will be started exactly once  Certain fields in a request
are never cleared and this leads to trouble if you try to reuse it.

Specifically, the r_sent, r_got_reply, and r_completed fields are
never cleared.  The r_sent field records the osd incarnation at the
time the request was sent to that osd.  If that's non-zero, the
message won't get re-mapped to a target osd properly, and won't be
put on the unsafe requests list the first time it's sent as it
should.  The r_got_reply field is used in handle_reply() to ensure
the reply to a request is processed only once.  And the r_completed
field is used for lingering requests to avoid calling the callback
function every time the osd client re-sends the request on behalf of
its initiator.

Each osd request passes through ceph_osdc_start_request() when
responsibility for the request is handed over to the osd client for
completion.  We can safely zero these three fields there each time a
request gets started.

One last related change--clear the r_linger flag when a request
is no longer registered as a linger request.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: support reading parent page data for writes

Currently, rbd_img_obj_parent_read_full() assumes the incoming
object request contains bio data.  But if a layered image is part of
a multi-layer stack of images it will result in read requests of
page data to parent images.

This is handling the same kind of issue as was resolved by this
commit:
    5b2ab72d  rbd: support reading parent page data

This resolves:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/XXXX

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: ignore zero-overlap parent

An rbd clone image that has an overlap with its parent of 0 is
effectively not a layered image at all.  Detect this case and treat
such an image as non-layered.  Issue a warning to be sure the user
knows what's going on.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: get parent info on refresh

Get parent info for format 2 images on every refresh (rather than
just during the initial probe).  This will be needed to detect the
disappearance of the parent image in the event a mapped image
becomes unlayered (i.e., flattened).

Switch to using a non-zero parent overlap value rather than the
existence of a parent (a non-null parent_spec pointer) to determine
whether to mark a request layered.  It will soon be possible for
a layered image to become unlayered while a request is in flight.

This means that the layered flag for an image request indicates that
there was a non-zero parent overlap at the time the image request
was created.  The parent overlap can change thereafter, which may
lead to special handling at request submission or completion time.

Flesh out and fix the rbd_dev_v2_header_info() error handling path.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: don't release write request until necessary

Previously when a layered write was going to involve a copyup
request, the original osd request was released before submitting the
parent full-object read.  The osd request for the copyup would then
be allocated in rbd_img_obj_parent_read_full_callback().

Shortly we will be handling the event of mapped layered images
getting flattened, and when that occurs we need to resubmit the
original request.  We therefore don't want to release the osd
request until we really konw we're going to replace it--in the
callback function.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: define rbd_dev_unparent()

Define rbd_dev_unparent() to encapsulate cleaning up parent data
structures from a layered rbd image.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: define parent image request routines

Define rbd_parent_request_create() and rbd_parent_request_destroy()
to handle the creation of parent image requests submitted for
layered image objects.  For simplicity, let rbd_img_request_put()
handle dropping the reference to any image request (parent or not),
and call whichever destructor is appropriate on the last put.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: reference count parent requests

Keep a reference count for uses of the parent information for an rbd
device.

An initial reference is set in rbd_img_request_create() if the
target image has a parent (with non-zero overlap).  Each image
request for an image with a non-zero parent overlap gets another
reference when it's created, and that reference is dropped when the
request is destroyed.

The initial reference is dropped when the image gets torn down.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: detect when clone image is flattened

A format 2 clone image can be the subject of a "flatten" operation,
during which all of its data gets "copied up" from its parent image,
leaving the image fully populated.  Once this is complete, the
clone's association with the parent is abolished.

Since this can occur when a clone is mapped, we need to detect when
it has occurred and handle it accordingly.  We know an image has
been flattened when we know it at one time had a parent, but we have
learned (via a "get_parent" object class method call) it no longer
has one.

There might be in-flight requests at the point we learn an image has
been flattened, so we can't simply clean up parent data structures
right away.  Instead, we'll drop the initial parent reference when
the parent has disappeared (rather than when the image gets
destroyed), which will allow the last in-flight reference to clean
things up when it's complete.

We leverage the fact that a zero parent overlap renders an image
effectively unlayered.  We set the overlap to 0 at the point we
detect the clone image has flattened, which allows the unlayered
behavior to take effect immediately, while keeping other parent
structures in place until in-flight requests to complete.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: re-submit read request for flattened clone

If a clone image gets flattened while a parent read request is
underway, the original rbd object request needs to be resubmitted.

The reason is that by the time we get the response to the parent
read request, the data read from the parent may be out of date.
In other words, we could see this sequence of events:

    rbd client                      parent image/osd
    ----------                      ----------------
    original object ENOENT;
        issue parent read
                                    respond to parent read
                                    child image flattened
    original image header refresh
             <--- original object written independently here
    parent read response received

Add code to rbd_img_parent_read_callback() to detect when a clone's
parent image has disappeared (as evidenced by its parent overlap
becoming 0), and re-submit the original read request in that case.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: re-submit write request for flattened clone

Add code to rbd_img_parent_read_full_callback() to detect when a
clone's parent image has disappeared, and re-submit the original
write request in that case.  (See the previous commit for more
reasoning about why this is appropriate.)

Rename some variables in rbd_img_obj_parent_read_full_callback()
to match the convention used in the previous patch.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: re-submit flattened write request (part 2)

Add code to rbd_img_obj_exists_callback() to detect when a clone's
parent image has disappeared, and re-submit the original write
request in that case.

Kill off some redundant assertions.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: show evidence we've re-submitted something

Print messages to prove we've run through the three paths
where an object request gets resubmitted due to a flattened
target image.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>