test: speed up simple/test-fs-watch

Don't wait a full second before starting the watcher, 10 ms ought to be
more than enough time.  Reduces running time from 1250 ms to 250 ms on
my system.
test: don't use --max-stack-size=0

--max-stack-size was removed in 3a87b31, use --stack-size instead.
What's more, a zero length stack will likely crash the process.
src: clean up CLI argument parser

* Exit with an error message when the option is not a node or V8 option.

* Remove the option_end_index global.  Needs to happen anyway for
  the multi-context work, might as well land it in master now.

* Add a smidgen of const-correctness.

* Pay off a few years of accrued technical debt.
uv: upgrade to v0.11.12

* upgrade deps/uv/ to v0.11.12.
* update files in src/ after a libuv API change.
src: Remove outdated comment re assert()

It's a normal function now, not a macro.
process: Add internal _rawDebug() method

This is useful when we need to push some debugging messages out to
stderr, without going through the Writable class, or triggering any kind
of nextTick or callback behavior.