rustdoc: Use privacy visibility for pruning

This commit ends rustdoc's approximation of privacy and instead uses the result
of the various compiler passes instead.

Closes #9827
rustdoc: Don't abort if there's nothing to document

Instead there's no index.html file emitted because there wasn't anything to
document.

Closes #9828
Require module documentation with missing_doc

Closes #9824
Build a few extra features into format! parsing

* Allow named parameters to specify width/precision
* Intepret the format string '0$' as "width is the 0th argument" instead of
  thinking the lone '0' was the sign-aware-zero-padding flag. To get both you'd
  need to put '00$' which makes more sense if you want both to happen.

Closes #9669
Added comments to public functions in num.rs.

Copied existing comments from other files, and added comments to
functions that did not have existing comments available.