killUser: Don't let the child kill itself on Apple

The kill(2) in Apple's libc follows POSIX semantics, which means that
kill(-1, SIGKILL) will kill the calling process too. Since nix has no
way to distinguish between the process successfully killing everything
and the process being killed by a rogue builder in that case, it can't
safely conclude that killUser was successful.

Luckily, the actual kill syscall takes a parameter that determines
whether POSIX semantics are followed, so we can call that syscall
directly and avoid the issue on Apple.

Signed-off-by: Shea Levy <shea@shealevy.com>
Detect stack overflows

Previously, if the Nix evaluator gets a stack overflow due to a deep
or infinite recursion in the Nix expression, the user gets an
unhelpful message ("Segmentation fault") that doesn't indicate that
the problem is in the user's code rather than Nix itself.  Now it
prints:

  error: stack overflow (possible infinite recursion)

This only works on x86_64-linux and i686-linux.

Fixes #35.
Delay evaulation of `with` attrs until a variable lookup needs them

Evaluation of attribute sets is strict in the attribute names, which
means immediate evaluation of `with` attribute sets rules out some
potentially interesting use cases (e.g. where the attribute names of one
set depend in some way on another but we want to bring those names into
scope for some values in the second set).

The major example of this is overridable self-referential package sets
(e.g. all-packages.nix). With immediate `with` evaluation, the only
options for such sets are to either make them non-recursive and
explicitly use the name of the overridden set in non-overridden one
every time you want to reference another package, or make the set
recursive and use the `__overrides` hack. As shown in the test case that
comes with this commit, though, delayed `with` evaluation allows a nicer
third alternative.

Signed-off-by: Shea Levy <shea@shealevy.com>
Avoid thunks when a fromWith var can be looked up without evaluation

Signed-off-by: Shea Levy <shea@shealevy.com>
Don't use NULL
Make Env smaller

Commit 20866a7031ca823055a221653b77986faa167329 added a ‘withAttrs’
field to Env, which is annoying because it makes every Env structure
bigger and we allocate millions of them.  E.g. NixOS evaluation took
18 MiB more.  So this commit squeezes ‘withAttrs’ into values[0].
Probably should use a union...
Test the delayed with a bit more
nix-shell: Don't disable Automake dependency tracking

Nixpkgs' stdenv disables dependency tracking by default.  That makes
sense for one-time builds, but in an interactive environment we expect
repeated "make" invocations to do the right thing.
Simplify inherited attribute handling

This reduces the difference between inherited and non-inherited
attribute handling to the choice of which env to use (in recs and lets)
by setting the AttrDef::e to a new ExprVar in the parser rather than
carrying a separate AttrDef::v VarRef member.

As an added bonus, this allows inherited attributes that inherit from a
with to delay forcing evaluation of the with's attributes.

Signed-off-by: Shea Levy <shea@shealevy.com>