base-linux: Add chdir after performing chroot

This ensures that the cwd of the process is within the chroot
environment, improving security for root processes.

The cwd after the chroot is the same as before, this is needed to
start binaries given as relative path name.
Generalize handling of PD-session arguments

On Linux, we want to attach additional attributes to processes, i.e.,
the chroot location, the designated UID, and GID. Instead of polluting
the generic code with such Linux-specific platform details, I introduced
the new 'Native_pd_args' type, which can be customized for each
platform. The platform-dependent policy of init is factored out in the
new 'pd_args' library.

The new 'base-linux/run/lx_pd_args.run' script can be used to validate
the propagation of those attributes into core.

Note that this patch does not add the interpretation of the new UID and
PID attributes by core. This will be subject of a follow-up patch.

Related to #510.
base-linux: Support customization of UIDs and GIDs

With this patch, custom UIDs and GIDs can be assigned to individual
Genode processes or whole Genode subsystems.

The new 'base-linux/run/lx_uid.run' script contains an example of how to
use the feature.

Fixes #510
Noux: make install target configurable

With this patch the make install target for Noux applications gets defined
in the 'NOUX_INSTALL_TARGET' make variable with 'install-strip' as default.

Fixes #503.
base_hw: Use TLB-specific 'struct Page_flags'.

'Page_flags' maps application-specific memory attributes
to the TLB-specific memory attributes. Thereby it avoids
functions with lots of parameters, by declaring appropriate
bitfields on a single POD value.
base_hw & arm_v7: Use write-back caching.

Add 'resume_faulter' syscall that is similar to 'resume_thread', but
is called only when resuming a thread after resolving its pagefault.
This way the kernel can flush caches after resolving a pagefault. This is
because by now the MMU doesn't use caches when doing a pagetable walk.
base-hw: Read and write whole thread states.

By now there is no use case for read/write a single register
of a thread state. Thus the new syscalls 'read_thread_state' and
'write_thread_state' replace the old ones 'read_register' and
'write_register'.
cpu_session: Access thread state by value
base & core: Use FIFO to queue RM faulters.

By now RM faulters are hold in a LIFO. Thus a starvation problem
occurs on managed dataspaces when multiple threads throw pagefaults
continuously.
base-hw: Fix bug in 'thread_resume' syscall.
Merge panda_a2 and panda SPEC (fix #505, fix #506)

There is no obvious reason for having two different SPEC variables, definitions,
and pathes for the Pandaboard platform. It even lead to problems regarding the
omap4 framebuffer driver (look at issue #505 and #506).
Fiasco.OC: enable i.MX53 platform
Improve robustness of chroot-related tests
Add OMAP4 GPIO driver

Add Gpio session interface. Add test for Pandaboard.

Fixes #427
Read BIOS data area (BDA) to get serial I/O ports

If the I/O ports are non default (3f8), we had to specify manually the correct
I/O ports. With this commit the BDA is read and the I/O port of the first
serial interface (COM) is taken. If no serial interface is available no device
configuration will be undertaken.
NOVA: support to restrict memory rwx bits in core
NOVA: fix bootstrap if modules are loaded above 3G

We don't can use map_local_one_to_one for boot modules because it happens
that boot modules can be at addresses above physical 3G boundary for x86_32.

Defer the mapping of modules until the point where the core allocators
are set up properly and then remap the physical pages to virtual addresses
below 3G.
NOVA: map boot modules rx only
NOVA: add chain_loader 'bender'

'Bender' can detect serial ports accessible via PCI and writes the I/O ports
to the Bios Data area (BDA).

Usage together with the PXE bootloader ease life running Genode/NOVA on native
hardware, where a standard serial device isn't available anymore anywhere.
Atapi: limit block count in DMA request (fix #514)

The block count in DMA requests is limited to 8 bit. Therefore,
if a client requests more than 255 blocks in a single packet request,
split the request in a loop.