[AST] Introduce a new DecayedType sugar node

The goal of this sugar node is to be able to look at an arbitrary
FunctionType and tell if any of the parameters were decayed from an
array or function type.  Ultimately this is necessary to implement
Microsoft's C++ name mangling scheme, which mangles decayed arrays
differently from normal pointers.

Reviewers: rsmith

Differential Revision: http://llvm-reviews.chandlerc.com/D1014