iterator: simplify the `take` implementation
add Extendable to the prelude
iterator: rename `Counter::new` to `count`

to match the convention used by `range`, since `iterator::count` is
already namespaced enough and won't be ambiguous
remove `extra::iter`

This module provided adaptors for the old internal iterator protocol,
but they proved to be quite unreadable and are not generic enough to
handle borrowed pointers well.

Since Rust no longer defines an internal iteration protocol, I don't
think there's going to be any reuse via these adaptors.
vec: avoid `ptrtoint`/`inttoptr` in the iterators

This results in throwing away alias analysis information, because LLVM
does *not* implement reasoning about these conversions yet.

We specialize zero-size types since a `getelementptr` offset will
return us the same pointer, making it broken as a simple counter.
add an intrinsic for inbounds GEP
vec: use `offset_inbounds` for iterators

This allows LLVM to optimize vector iterators to an `getelementptr` and
`icmp` pair, instead of `getelementptr` and *two* comparisons.

Code snippet:

~~~
fn foo(xs: &mut [f64]) {
    for x in xs.mut_iter() {
        *x += 10.0;
    }
}
~~~

LLVM IR at stage0:

~~~
; Function Attrs: noinline uwtable
define void @"_ZN3foo17_68e1b25bca131dba7_0$x2e0E"({ i64, %tydesc*, i8*, i8*, i8 }* nocapture, { double*, i64 }* nocapture) #1 {
"function top level":
  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { double*, i64 }* %1, i64 0, i32 0
  %3 = load double** %2, align 8
  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { double*, i64 }* %1, i64 0, i32 1
  %5 = load i64* %4, align 8
  %6 = ptrtoint double* %3 to i64
  %7 = and i64 %5, -8
  %8 = add i64 %7, %6
  %9 = inttoptr i64 %8 to double*
  %10 = icmp eq double* %3, %9
  %11 = icmp eq double* %3, null
  %or.cond6 = or i1 %10, %11
  br i1 %or.cond6, label %match_case, label %match_else

match_else:                                       ; preds = %"function top level", %match_else
  %12 = phi double* [ %13, %match_else ], [ %3, %"function top level" ]
  %13 = getelementptr double* %12, i64 1
  %14 = load double* %12, align 8
  %15 = fadd double %14, 1.000000e+01
  store double %15, double* %12, align 8
  %16 = icmp eq double* %13, %9
  %17 = icmp eq double* %13, null
  %or.cond = or i1 %16, %17
  br i1 %or.cond, label %match_case, label %match_else

match_case:                                       ; preds = %match_else, %"function top level"
  ret void
}
~~~

Optimized LLVM IR at stage1/stage2:

~~~
; Function Attrs: noinline uwtable
define void @"_ZN3foo17_68e1b25bca131dba7_0$x2e0E"({ i64, %tydesc*, i8*, i8*, i8 }* nocapture, { double*, i64 }* nocapture) #1 {
"function top level":
  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { double*, i64 }* %1, i64 0, i32 0
  %3 = load double** %2, align 8
  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { double*, i64 }* %1, i64 0, i32 1
  %5 = load i64* %4, align 8
  %6 = lshr i64 %5, 3
  %7 = getelementptr inbounds double* %3, i64 %6
  %8 = icmp eq i64 %6, 0
  %9 = icmp eq double* %3, null
  %or.cond6 = or i1 %8, %9
  br i1 %or.cond6, label %match_case, label %match_else

match_else:                                       ; preds = %"function top level", %match_else
  %.sroa.0.0.in7 = phi double* [ %10, %match_else ], [ %3, %"function top level" ]
  %10 = getelementptr inbounds double* %.sroa.0.0.in7, i64 1
  %11 = load double* %.sroa.0.0.in7, align 8
  %12 = fadd double %11, 1.000000e+01
  store double %12, double* %.sroa.0.0.in7, align 8
  %13 = icmp eq double* %10, %7
  br i1 %13, label %match_case, label %match_else

match_case:                                       ; preds = %match_else, %"function top level"
  ret void
}
~~~
option.get -> option.unwrap
std: add result.map_move, result.map_err_move
Revert "Re-enable rusti tests"

This reverts commit d5de801cc1b4a3147dfd5a29a3d0e129ee0fe783.
core: option.map_consume -> option.map_move
std: removed option.take_map{,_default}
auto merge of #8373 : alexcrichton/rust/disable-rusti, r=cmr

These are causing problems on the linux bots, I'll investigate soon.
auto merge of #8326 : thestinger/rust/iterator, r=alexcrichton

The `extra::iter` module wasn't actually included in `extra.rs` when it was moved from `std`... I assume no one is going to miss it.
auto merge of #8294 : erickt/rust/map-move, r=bblum

According to #7887, we've decided to use the syntax of `fn map<U>(f: &fn(&T) -> U) -> U`, which passes a reference to the closure, and to `fn map_move<U>(f: &fn(T) -> U) -> U` which moves the value into the closure. This PR adds these `.map_move()` functions to `Option` and `Result`.

In addition, it has these other minor features:
 
* Replaces a couple uses of `option.get()`, `result.get()`, and `result.get_err()` with `option.unwrap()`, `result.unwrap()`, and `result.unwrap_err()`. (See #8268 and #8288 for a more thorough adaptation of this functionality.
* Removes `option.take_map()` and `option.take_map_default()`. These two functions can be easily written as `.take().map_move(...)`.
* Adds a better error message to `result.unwrap()` and `result.unwrap_err()`.
a simple implementation of task rngs to provide fast psuedorandom number generation to tasks
modified the random source for try_recv test mode to use the new task xorshift rng instead of the incredibly slow urandom source