Move API extraction logic to a separate class.

This way we have a little bit more clear separation
between compiler phase logic and the core logic responsible for
processing each compilation unit and extracting an api for it.

As added benefit, we have a little bit less of mutable state
(e.g. sourceFile doesn't need to be a var anymore).

The API extraction logic contains some internal caches that are
required for correctness. It wasn't very clear if they have to
be maintained during entire phase run or just during single compilation
unit processing. It looks like they have to be maintained during
single compilation unit processing and refactored code both
documents that contracts and implements it in the API phase.