BUG: itkPolyLineParametricPath infinite loop for degenerate paths

itkPolyLineParametricPath inherits EvalateDerivative and IncrementInput from its
superclass: itkParametricPath. IncrementInput uses a default
timestep and a derivative estimated from that default timestep to implement a
tooBig/tooSmall search strategy to find the next pixel along the path.

This strategy will result in oscillation between tooBig and tooSmall for
degenerate itkPolyLineParametricPath paths, such as those with a lot of
verticies at the beginning less than one image index away from each other
followed by a single vertex at the end that is multiple image indices away.

This patch overrides the inherited IncrementInputs and EvaluateDerivative
function and takes advantage of the fact that it is possible to calculate an
instantaneous derivative which allows to calculate the exact timestep to effect
a change in one pixel.

A test is also added for one of the degenerate paths mentioned in paragraph 2.

The ExtractOrthogonalSwatch2DImageFilterTest baseline image was updated due to
the old tooSmall/tooLarge search strategy not always honoring the 8-connected
neighborhood.

Change-Id: Ibe2d5b8fb913e6311ee0f3b977fdadf1321f0653
COMP: Fix all valid cppcheck warnings in "ITK/Module" directory

Previously four patches are sent about fixing cppcheck warnings in four
sub-directories as:
Module/Core
Module/Registration
Module/Segmentation
Module/Filtering

Now in this final patch all the valid remained cppcheck warnings of
Module directory are fixed.

Some of the cppcheck warnings are related to the functions that are not
used, but they may be used later by users. Such a warning is an example
of an invalid warning.

Some warnings are related to the intentionally created issues that are
provided in the test files. Such warnings are another example of what I
call invalid warnings.

The titles of major fixed issues are listed below:
- if possible, variables are passed by reference.
- prefix ++/-- operators are preferred for non-primitive types.
- initialization to assignment is preferred.
- if possible, the scope of variables are reduced.
- Throwing a copy of the caught exception instead of rethrowing the
original exception.

All the ITK tests are passed after the above changes.

Change-Id: Ia4a5fe36ae5de520aaeecb7e47f13371e5309704
STYLE: Improve SoftwareGuide documentation

There were errors in the processing of the ITKSoftwareGuide
example generation.

Only provide base image name for LaTeX
By only providing the base image name for LaTeX includegraphics,
then pdflatex or other tools can choose an image that is
most appropriate for that document building style.
For example pdflatex prefers .png images, adn latex prefers
.eps files.

Remove unused SoftwareGuide key word.
The NORMALIZE_EPS_OUTPUT_OF key word was not being processed
by the SoftwareGuide parsing.

The software guide formatting and reference code
for more consistent coding standards.

Change-Id: I09b64f43aad28ed309ea0c695ee5ebf08adfbc4b
Merge topic 'ITKSoftwareGuideUpdates_combined'

e3aff16 STYLE: Improve SoftwareGuide documentation
Merge topic 'moduleDir_cppcheck'

9c530ae COMP: Fix all valid cppcheck warnings in "ITK/Module" directory
Merge topic 'itkParametricPathOscillation'

706a6bf BUG: itkPolyLineParametricPath infinite loop for degenerate paths
STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Core tests

KWStyle was not checking tests. However, the git hook for KWStyle did
check tests if they were modified.  This topic cleans itk tests and
reduces developer frustration when committing changes to test.

Change-Id: Ic98e121f206c47a9095c91403c84b12b27b01607
COMP: removed warnings on Windows due to generic vs excp obj throw.

Since the exception is never examined in the catch clause, it
needn't be named, and a simple throw is sufficient.

Change-Id: I8723c2846986a01a9cea6dead4e2d653eede82ba
STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Filtering tests

KWStyle was not checking tests. However, the git hook for KWStyle did
check tests if they were modified. This topic cleans itk tests and
reduces developer frustration when committing changes to test.

Change-Id: If11cf8a06677654a2f44dbd331b55ca0ee410533
Merge topic 'StyleForCoreTests'

8f6dea0 STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Core tests
Merge topic 'StyleForFilteringTests'

9c2f256 STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Filtering tests
STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Segmentation tests

KWStyle was not checking tests. However, the git hook for KWStyle did
check tests if they were modified. This topic cleans itk tests and
reduces developer frustration when committing changes to tests.

Change-Id: I7436e2b6427e1c5f97ce52f32a90aa62e314f8b2
Merge topic 'StyleForSegmentation'

304af0a STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Segmentation tests
Merge topic 'WindowsOptimizerv4Warnings'

4f95bb2 COMP: removed warnings on Windows due to generic vs excp obj throw.
STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/IO tests

KWStyle was not checking tests. However, the git hook for KWStyle did
check tests if they were modified. This topic cleans itk tests and
reduces developer frustration when committing changes to test.

Change-Id: Iac1aabf8bcf551559c8a4499f2ba282b0576e21e
Merge topic 'StyleForIO'

740dcea STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/IO tests
STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Numerics tests

KWStyle was not checking tests. However, the git hook for KWStyle did
check tests if they were modified. This topic cleans itk tests and
reduces developer frustration when committing changes to test.

Change-Id: I9ee7a8ae16d45cc43faba69778bc2a1a3edf8056
STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Registration tests

KWStyle was not checking tests. However, the git hook for KWStyle did
check tests if they were modified. This topic cleans itk tests and
reduces developer frustration when committing changes to tests.

Change-Id: I444e161fdd51e73d85accba48174ef43bbec94b9
Merge topic 'StyleForNumerics'

29c10a3 STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Numerics tests
Merge topic 'StyleForRegistration'

5c1c2a7 STYLE: Apply kwstyle to Modules/Registration tests