Ensure that zfs diff prints unicode safely.

In the stream_bytes() library function used by `zfs diff`, explicitly
cast each byte in the input string to an unsigned character so that the
Linux fprintf() correctly escapes to octal and does not mangle the output.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1172
Fix quoting error in unmount command

A misplaced single quote caused the umount command to fail with a
syntax error when unmounting snapshots under the .zfs/snapshot
control directory.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1210
Fix false ENOENT on snapshot control dentries

Lookups in the snapshot control directory for an existing snapshot
fail with ENOENT if an earlier lookup failed before the snapshot was
created.  This is because the earlier lookup causes a negative dentry
to be cached which is never invalidated.

The bug can be reproduced as follows (the second ls should succeed):

 $ ls /tank/.zfs/snapshot/s
 ls: cannot access /tank/.zfs/snapshot/s: No such file or directory
 $ zfs snap tank@s
 $ ls /tank/.zfs/snapshot/s
 ls: cannot access /tank/.zfs/snapshot/s: No such file or directory

To remedy this, always invalidate cached dentries in the snapshot
control directory.  Since these entries never exist on disk there is
no significant performance penalty for the extra lookups.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1192
Fix 'zfs rollback' on mounted file systems

Rolling back a mounted filesystem with open file handles and
cached dentries+inodes never worked properly in ZoL.  The
major issue was that Linux provides no easy mechanism for
modules to invalidate the inode cache for a file system.

Because of this it was possible that an inode from the previous
filesystem would not get properly dropped from the cache during
rolling back.  Then a new inode with the same inode number would
be create and collide with the existing cached inode.  Ideally
this would trigger an VERIFY() but in practice the error wasn't
handled and it would just NULL reference.

Luckily, this issue can be resolved by sprucing up the existing
Solaris zfs_rezget() functionality for the Linux VFS.

The way it works now is that when a file system is rolled back
all the cached inodes will be traversed and refetched from disk.
If a version of the cached inode exists on disk the in-core
copy will be updated accordingly.  If there is no match for that
object on disk it will be unhashed from the inode cache and
marked as stale.

This will effectively make the inode unfindable for lookups
allowing the inode number to be immediately recycled.  The inode
will then only be accessible from the cached dentries.  Subsequent
dentry lookups which reference a stale inode will result in the
dentry being invalidated.  Once invalidated the dentry will drop
its reference on the inode allowing it to be safely pruned from
the cache.

Special care is taken for negative dentries since they do not
reference any inode.  These dentires will be invalidate based
on when they were added to the dentry cache.  Entries added
before the last rollback will be invalidate to prevent them
from masking real files in the dataset.

Two nice side effects of this fix are:

* Removes the dependency on spl_invalidate_inodes(), it can now
  be safely removed from the SPL when we choose to do so.

* zfs_znode_alloc() no longer requires a dentry to be passed.
  This effectively reverts this portition of the code to its
  upstream counterpart.  The dentry is not instantiated more
  correctly in the Linux ZPL layer.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Closes #795
Revert "Revert "Fix unlink/xattr deadlock""

This reverts commit 53c7411919a64d6f0889aa0d6974610f6cd35744
effectively reinstating the asynchronous xattr cleanup code.

These Linux changes were reverted because after testing
and careful contemplation I was convinced that due to the
89260a1c8851ce05ea04b23606ba438b271d890 commit they were no
longer required.

Unfortunately, the deadlock described in #1176  was a case
which wasn't considered.  At mount zfs_unlinked_drain() can
occur which will unlink a list of znodes in effectively a
random order which isn't safe.  The only reason it was safe
to originally revert this change was the we could guarantee
that the VFS would always prune the xattr leaves before the
parents.

Therefore, until we can cleanly resolve this deadlock for
all cases we need to keep this change in spite of the xattr
unlink performance penalty associated with it.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1176
Issue #457
Fix zpool on zvol deadlock

Commit 65d56083b4617a4cade0cff68cbbaf68114169d6 fixes the lock
inversion between spa_namespace_lock and bdev->bd_mutex but only
for the first user of spa_namespace_lock: dmu_objset_own().
Later spa_namespace_lock gets acquired by dsl_prop_get_integer()
though dsl_prop_get()->dsl_dataset_hold()->dsl_dir_open_spa()->
spa_open()->spa_open_common() without this "protection".  By
moving the mutex release after this second use, even this
acquisition of the lock is "protected" by the ERESTARTSYS trick.

Signed-off-by: Massimo Maggi <me@massimo-maggi.eu>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1220
Use sb->s_d_op default dentry operations

As of Linux 2.6.37 the right way to register custom dentry
operations is to use the super block's ->s_d_op field.
For older kernels they should be registered as part of the
lookup operation.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1223
Fix zpl_revalidate() NULL deref

In zpl_revalidate() it's possible for the nameidata to be NULL
for kernels which still accept the parameter.  In particular,
lookup_one_len() calls d_revalidate() with a NULL nameidata.

Resolve the issue by checking for a NULL nameidata in which case
just set the flags to 0.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1226
fzap_cursor_move_to_key() should drop l_rwlock

Callers of zap_deref_leaf() must be careful to drop leaf->l_rwlock
since that function returns with the lock held on success.  All other
callers drop the lock correctly but it seems fzap_cursor_move_to_key()
does not.  This may block writers or cause VERIFY failures when the
lock is freed.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1215
Closes zfsonlinux/spl#143
Closes zfsonlinux/spl#97
Add d_clear_d_op() compatibility

Added d_clear_d_op() helper function which clears some flags and the
registered dentry->d_op table.  This is required because d_set_d_op()
issues a warning when the dentry operations table is already set.
For the .zfs control directory to work properly we must be able to
override the default operations table and register custom .d_automount
and .d_revalidate callbacks.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Closes #1230
Fix test script error codes

The 'exit $?' command in the INT TERM EXIT trap was overwritting
the expected error code with the error code from mv.  Fix the
issue by removing the 'exit $?'.  It's important the we preserve
the original error code so failures are easily noticed.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Fix zconfig.sh partitioning error

Parted version 3.0 doesn't allow us to specify the start and end
percentages as 50% and 100% respectively.  This results in:

  Error: The location 100% is outside the device /dev/zd0

Therefore we change the syntax to 51% and -1 for end of device.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
vdev_id: improve keyword parsing flexibility

The vdev_id udev helper strictly requires configuration file keywords
to always be anchored at the beginning of the line and to be followed
by a space character.  However, users may prefer to use indentation or
tab delimitation.  Improve flexibility by simply requiring a keyword
to be the first field on the line.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1239
Use dsl_dataset_snap_lookup()

Retire the dmu_snapshot_id() function which was introduced in the
initial .zfs control directory implementation.  There is already
an existing dsl_dataset_snap_lookup() which does exactly what we
need, and the dmu_snapshot_id() function as implemented is racy.

https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/issues/1215#issuecomment-12579879

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1238
Avoid gcc -Werror=maybe-uninitialized warnings

Explicitly set acl details to zero to silence gcc (zfs_acl_node_read
can't be sure zfs_acl_znode_info will set acl_count and aclsize).
Normally suppressing these warnings by setting this to zero at
declaration time is a bad idea but in this instance it's hard to
avoid and should be fairly safe.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1244
Use strerror() not strerror_r()

The differ() function used strerror_r() instead of strerror() because
it allowed the error message to be directly copied in to a buffer.
This causes two issues under Linux.

* There are two versions of strerror_r() available an XSI-compliant
  version which returns an 'int' error code.  And a GNU-specific
  version which return a 'char *' to the resulting error string.

    int strerror_r(int errnum, char *buf, size_t buflen);   /* XSI */
    char *strerror_r(int errnum, char *buf, size_t buflen); /* GNU */

* The most recent versions of strerror_r() are annotated with the
  warn_unused_result attribute.  This causes the following warning
  since the upstream implementation casts the result to void.

    warning: ignoring return value of 'strerror_r', declared with
    attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]

The cleanest way to resolve both of these problems is just to use
strerror() and make a copy of the result in to the buffer.  This
resolves both issues and this is the only instance of strerror_r()
in the code base.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1231
Stop using /bin/ as a source in zconfig.sh

Test 5, 6, 7, and 7 in zconfig.sh use /bin/ as a source of random
directories and files for their test.  This has lead to unexpected
tests failures because the total size of /bin/ on the test system
isn't checked and it is entirely possible for it to be larger than
the target filesystem.

To resolve this issue we create a somewhat random collection of
files and directories in /var/tmp to use.  On average we expect
about 5MB of data with the worst case being 20MB.  This is large
enough to be interesting and small enough to always fit in the
default test datasets.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1113
Linux 2.6.26 compat, lookup_bdev()

It's doubtful many people were impacted by this but commit 6c28567
accidentally broke ZFS builds for 2.6.26 and earlier kernels.  This
commit depends on the lookup_bdev() function which exists in 2.6.26
but wasn't exported until 2.6.27.

The availability of the function isn't critical so a wrapper is
introduced which returns ERR_PTR(-ENOTSUP) when the function isn't
defined.  This will have the effect of causing zvol_is_zvol() to
always fail for 2.6.26 kernels.  This in turn means vdevs will
always get opened concurrently which is good for normal usage.
This will only become an issue if your using a zvol as a vdev in
another pool.  In which case you really should be using a newer
kernel anyway.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1205
Quiet mkfs.ext2 output

The -q option should quiet the mkfs.ext2 output but certain
versions of e2fsprogs appear to ignore it.  This can result in
an extra 'done' message in the test output.  To keep this noise
from distracting just direct stdout to /dev/null.

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Illumos #3035 LZ4 compression support in ZFS and GRUB

3035 LZ4 compression support in ZFS and GRUB

Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <christopher.siden@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Approved by: Christopher Siden <csiden@delphix.com>

References:
  illumos/illumos-gate@a6f561b4aee75d0d028e7b36b151c8ed8a86bc76
  https://www.illumos.org/issues/3035
  http://wiki.illumos.org/display/illumos/LZ4+Compression+In+ZFS

This patch has been slightly modified from the upstream Illumos
version to be compatible with Linux.  Due to the very limited
stack space in the kernel a lz4 workspace kmem cache is used.
Since we are using gcc we are also able to take advantage of the
gcc optimized __builtin_ctz functions.

Support for GRUB has been dropped from this patch.  That code
is available but those changes will need to made to the upstream
GRUB package.

Lastly, several hunks of dead code were dropped for clarity.  They
include the functions real_LZ4_uncompress(), LZ4_compressBound()
and the Visual Studio specific hunks wrapped in _MSC_VER.

Ported-by: Eric Dillmann <eric@jave.fr>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #1217