Tweaks to bitcount functions

Seems even a bit faster now (almost 1% in 32bit case).

No functional change.
Drop a magic in book.cpp

Mask out move's spacial flags without relying
on internal Move representation.

No functional change.
Don't need to early check PV moves for legality

As long as isPvMove (renamed to pvMove) is set after
legality check, we can postpone legality even in PV case.

Patch aligns the PV case with the common non-pv one.

No functional change.
Skip some useless initializations in search()

And rearrange a bit the initialization code. Still
some polishing to do, but it is a first step.

No functional change.
Add support for node limited search

Handle also the SMP case. This has been quite tricky, not
trivial to enforce the node limit in SMP case becuase
with "helpful master" concept we can have recursive split
points and we cannot lock them all at once so there is the
risk of counting the same nodes more than once.

Anyhow this patch should be race free and counted nodes are
correct.

No functional change.
Don't push on the stack 200KB in one go

This could be a limit on some platforms (as it seems
to be in Native Client). Patch from a SF fork on github:

https://github.com/ccherng/Stockfish/commit/47374afd6fdfabd9de183a7a67d645daad45fb21

No functional change.
Further rearrange search()

No functional change.
Further push singular extension

Extend for an extra half-ply in case the node is (probably)
going to fail high. In this case the added overhead is limited.

A novelity is the way this patch has been tested: Always in
self-play but with a much longer TC to allow the singular
extension to fully kick in and also (my impression) to have
less noisy results.

Ater 1015 games on my QUAD at 60"+0.05
Mod vs Orig 173 - 150 - 692 ELO +8
Don't hide thresolds values

Show the real value in the code, not hide it
behind a variable name, especially when there
is only once occurence.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com>
Retire EasyMoveMargin

Use a value related to PawnValue instead.

This is a different patch from previous one because
could affect game play and skill levels, although
in a mostly unmeasurable way. Indeed thresold has
been raised so easy move is a bit harder to trigger
and skill level is a bit more prone to blunders.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com>
Add experimental contempt factor

This is very crude and very basic: simply in case
of a draw for repetition or 50 moves rule return
a negative score instead of zero according to the
contempt factor (in centipawns). If contempt is
positive engine will try to avoid draws (to use
with weaker opponents), if negative engine will
try to draw. If zero (default) there are no changes.

No functional change.
Rewrite search best value update

A simplification and also a small speed-up of
about 1% mainly due to reducing calls to
thisThread->cutoff_occurred().

Worst case split point recovering time after a
cut-off occurred is limited to 3 msec on my slow
PC, and usually is below 1 msec, so it seems safe
to remove the cutoff_occurred() check.

No functional change.
Retire futility_move_count()

And remove (bestValue < beta) condition from
moves loop.

No functional change.
Allow prefetching on non-x86 platforms with gcc

In particular on ARM processors. Original patch by
Jean-Francois, sligtly modified by me to preserve
the meaning of NO_PREFETCH flag.

Verified with gcc, clang and icc that prefetch instruction
is correctly created.

No functional change.
Fix fallouts from previous patch

These kind of arch specific code is really nasty
to make it right becuase you need to verify on
all the platforms.

Now should compile properly also on ARM

Reported by Jean-Francois.

No functional change.
Fix Contempt Factor implementation

First disable Contempt Factor during analysis, then
calculate the modified draw score from the point of
view of the player, so from the point of view of
RootPosition color.

Thanks to Ryan Taker for suggesting the fixes.

No functional change.
Fix mingw compile with ARCH=x86-64

When using the Makefile (as for the mingw case),
IS_64BIT and USE_BSFQ are already set with
ARCH=x86-64 and do not need to be redefined.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com>
Fix POPCNT support on mingw 64

When using asm 'popcnt' instruction the given
operand registers must be of the same type.

No functional change.
Improve compatibility with older versions of Mac OS X

Use the -mmacosx-version-min flag to support older versions of Mac OS X
(like version 10.6 and 10.7) when compiled on a machine running version
10.8.
Sync qsearch with search

Port to qsearch() the same changes we recently
added to search().

Overall this search refactoring series shows
almost 2% speed up on gcc compile.

No functional change.