merge in remaining changes from `branch-0.8`

This merges in the following changes from `branch-0.8`:

- The scala version is included in the published maven artifact names
- A unit tests which had non-deterministic failures is ignored (see SPARK-908)
- A minor documentation change shows the short version instead of the full version
- Moving the kafka jar to be "provided"
- Some spacing changes caused by Maven's release plugin

Note that I've squashed this into a single commit rather than pull in the branch-0.8 history. There are a bunch of release/revert commits there that make the history super ugly.