[Console] Add more verbosity levels

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | #6066
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | symfony/symfony-docs#2554

This adds new verbosity levels.

Replaces #7626 /cc @dlsniper