Add missing Functor/Applicative/Alternative instances

This is needed to silence GHC 7.8's AMP warnings, see also

  http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Functor-Applicative-Monad_Proposal#Missing_superclasses

for more information.

Signed-off-by: Herbert Valerio Riedel <hvr@gnu.org>
Merge pull request #2 from hvr/fix-amp-warnings

Add missing Functor/Applicative/Alternative instances