Correct the documentation of pg_rewrite.ev_attr.

It claimed the value was always zero; it is really always -1.

Per report from Hari Babu

backpatch 734fbbd1d2d1babfbd195414e2445024ad549ae3 to 8.4
Don't downcase non-ascii identifier chars in multi-byte encodings.

Long-standing code has called tolower() on identifier character bytes
with the high bit set. This is clearly an error and produces junk output
when the encoding is multi-byte. This patch therefore restricts this
activity to cases where there is a character with the high bit set AND
the encoding is single-byte.

There have been numerous gripes about this, most recently from Martin
Schäfer.

Backpatch to all live releases.
Remove ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES' requirement of schema CREATE permissions.

Per discussion, this restriction isn't needed for any real security reason,
and it seems to confuse people more often than it helps them.  It could
also result in some database states being unrestorable.  So just drop it.

Back-patch to 9.0, where ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES was introduced.
Remove unnecessary restrictions about RowExprs in transformAExprIn().

When the existing code here was written, it made sense to special-case
RowExprs because that was the only way that we could handle row comparisons
at all.  Now that we have record_eq() and arrays of composites, the generic
logic for "scalar" types will in fact work on RowExprs too, so there's no
reason to throw error for combinations of RowExprs and other ways of
forming composite values, nor to ignore the possibility of using a
ScalarArrayOpExpr.  But keep using the old logic when comparing two
RowExprs, for consistency with the main transformAExprOp() logic.  (This
allows some cases with not-quite-identical rowtypes to succeed, so we might
get push-back if we removed it.)  Per bug #8198 from Rafal Rzepecki.

Back-patch to all supported branches, since this works fine as far back as
8.4.

Rafal Rzepecki and Tom Lane
Add description that loread()/lowrite() are corresponding to
lo_read()/lo_write() in libpq to avoid confusion.
Improve description of loread/lowrite.

Patch by me, reviewed by Tatsuo Ishii.
Only install a portal's ResourceOwner if it actually has one.

In most scenarios a portal without a ResourceOwner is dead and not subject
to any further execution, but a portal for a cursor WITH HOLD remains in
existence with no ResourceOwner after the creating transaction is over.
In this situation, if we attempt to "execute" the portal directly to fetch
data from it, we were setting CurrentResourceOwner to NULL, leading to a
segfault if the datatype output code did anything that required a resource
owner (such as trying to fetch system catalog entries that weren't already
cached).  The case appears to be impossible to provoke with stock libpq,
but psqlODBC at least is able to cause it when working with held cursors.

Simplest fix is to just skip the assignment to CurrentResourceOwner, so
that any resources used by the data output operations will be managed by
the transaction-level resource owner instead.  For consistency I changed
all the places that install a portal's resowner as current, even though
some of them are probably not reachable with a held cursor's portal.

Per report from Joshua Berry (with thanks to Hiroshi Inoue for developing
a self-contained test case).  Back-patch to all supported versions.