Shink NodeId, CrateNum, Name and Mrk down to 32 bits on x64.
auto merge of #10670 : eddyb/rust/node-u32, r=pcwalton

### Rationale
There is no reason to support more than 2³² nodes or names at this moment, as compiling something that big (even without considering the quadratic space usage of some analysis passes) would take at least **64GB**.
Meanwhile, some can't (or barely can) compile rustc because it requires almost **1.5GB**.

### Potential problems
Can someone confirm this doesn't affect metadata (de)serialization? I can't tell myself, I know nothing about it.

### Results
Some structures have a size reduction of 25% to 50%: [before](https://gist.github.com/luqmana/3a82a51fa9c86d9191fa) - [after](https://gist.github.com/eddyb/5a75f8973d3d8018afd3).
Sadly, there isn't a massive change in the memory used for compiling stage2 librustc (it doesn't go over **1.4GB** as [before](http://huonw.github.io/isrustfastyet/mem/), but I can barely see the difference).
However, my own testcase (previously peaking at **1.6GB** in typeck) shows a reduction of **200**-**400MB**.