Move pqsignal() to libpgport.

We had two copies of this function in the backend and libpq, which was
already pretty bogus, but it turns out that we need it in some other
programs that don't use libpq (such as pg_test_fsync).  So put it where
it probably should have been all along.  The signal-mask-initialization
support in src/backend/libpq/pqsignal.c stays where it is, though, since
we only need that in the backend.
Fix inclusions in pg_receivexlog.c.

Apparently this was depending on pqsignal.h for <signal.h>.
Not sure why I didn't see the failure on my other machine.
Fix inclusions in pgbench.c.

Apparently this was depending on pqsignal.h for <signal.h>.
Not sure why I didn't see the failure on my other machine.
initdb needs pqsignal() even on Windows.

I had thought we weren't using this version of pqsignal() at all on
Windows, but that's wrong --- initdb is using it (and coping with the
POSIX-ish semantics of bare signal() :-().  So allow the file to be
built in WIN32+FRONTEND case, and add it to the MSVC build logic.
Re-include pqsignal() in libpq.

We need this in non-ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY builds, and also to satisfy
the exports.txt entry; while it might be a good idea to remove the
latter, I'm hesitant to do so except in the context of an intentional
ABI break.  At least we don't have a separately maintained source file
for it anymore.
Use pqsignal() in contrib programs rather than calling signal(2) directly.

The semantics of signal(2) are more variable than one could wish; in
particular, on strict-POSIX platforms the signal handler will be reset
to SIG_DFL when the signal is delivered.  This demonstrably breaks
pg_test_fsync's use of SIGALRM.  The other changes I made are not
absolutely necessary today, because the called handlers all exit the
program anyway.  But it seems like a good general practice to use
pqsignal() exclusively in Postgres code, now that we have it available
everywhere.
Improve signal-handler lockout mechanism in timeout.c.

Rather than doing a fairly-expensive setitimer() call to prevent interrupts
from happening, let's just invent a simple boolean flag that the signal
handler is required to check.  This is not only faster but considerably
more robust than before, since the previous code effectively assumed that
only ITIMER_REAL events would ever fire the SIGALRM handler, which is
obviously something that can be broken easily by third-party code.

Zoltán Böszörményi and Tom Lane
Extend object-access hook machinery to support post-alter events.

This also slightly widens the scope of what we support in terms of
post-create events.

KaiGai Kohei, with a few changes, mostly to the comments, by me
Increase timeout delays in new timeouts isolation test.

Buildfarm member friarbird doesn't like this test as-committed, evidently
because it's so slow that the test framework doesn't reliably notice that
the backend is waiting before the timeout goes off.  (This is not totally
surprising, since friarbird builds with -DCLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS.)  Increase
the timeout delay from 1 second to 2 in hopes of resolving that problem.