New naming convention for ast::{node_id, local_crate, crate_node_id, blk_check_mode, ty_field, ty_method}
mk: Fix NO_REBUILD so stdtest can be tested without re-bootstrapping. Closes #8101
mk: Rename CTEST_BENCH to TEST_BENCH

The CTEST prefix is specifically related to the compiletest driver
mk: Add NO_BENCH variable for turning off the --bench flag
Remove ChanOneHack/PortOneHack extra allocation
Optimize try_recv to not require the two context switches when data is available.
Adding an initial description to vec.rs.

Let's explain more of what this module is about, not just 'vectors.'
Add some missing method wrappers to std::num
Improve std::num module description, and fix some formatting
auto merge of #7223 : steveklabnik/rust/vec_initial_docs, r=pcwalton

Let's explain more of what this module is about, not just 'vectors.'
implement pointer arithmetic with GEP

Closes #8118, #7136

~~~rust
extern mod extra;

use std::vec;
use std::ptr;

fn bench_from_elem(b: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    do b.iter {
        let v: ~[u8] = vec::from_elem(1024, 0u8);
    }
}

fn bench_set_memory(b: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    do b.iter {
        let mut v: ~[u8] = vec::with_capacity(1024);
        unsafe {
            let vp = vec::raw::to_mut_ptr(v);
            ptr::set_memory(vp, 0, 1024);
            vec::raw::set_len(&mut v, 1024);
        }
    }
}

fn bench_vec_repeat(b: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    do b.iter {
        let v: ~[u8] = ~[0u8, ..1024];
    }
}
~~~

Before:

    test bench_from_elem ... bench: 415 ns/iter (+/- 17)
    test bench_set_memory ... bench: 85 ns/iter (+/- 4)
    test bench_vec_repeat ... bench: 83 ns/iter (+/- 3)

After:

    test bench_from_elem ... bench: 84 ns/iter (+/- 2)
    test bench_set_memory ... bench: 84 ns/iter (+/- 5)
    test bench_vec_repeat ... bench: 84 ns/iter (+/- 3)
auto merge of #8107 : michaelwoerister/rust/end_of_spanned, r=cmr

Contiunation of naming cleanup in `libsyntax::ast`:
```rust
ast::node_id => ast::NodeId
ast::local_crate => ast::LOCAL_CRATE
ast::crate_node_id => ast::CRATE_NODE_ID
ast::blk_check_mode => ast::BlockCheckMode
ast::ty_field => ast::TypeField
ast::ty_method => ast::TypeMethod
```
Also moved span field directly into `TypeField` struct and cleaned up overlooked `ast::CrateConfig` renamings from last pull request.

Cheers,
Michael
auto merge of #8110 : brson/rust/no-rebuild, r=bblum

...oses #8101
Added str::char_offset_iter() and str::rev_char_offset_iter()
Renamed bytes_iter to byte_iter to match other iterators
Refactored str Iterators to use DoubleEnded Iterators and typedefs instead of wrapper structs
Reordered the Iterator section
Whitespace fixup
Moved clunky `each_split_within` function to the one place in the tree where it's actually needed
Replaced all block doccomments in str with line doccomments
auto merge of #8082 : Kimundi/rust/master, r=huonw

Also renamed bytes_iter to byte_iter to match other iterators
auto merge of #8121 : thestinger/rust/offset, r=alexcrichton

Closes #8118, #7136

~~~rust
extern mod extra;

use std::vec;
use std::ptr;

fn bench_from_elem(b: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    do b.iter {
        let v: ~[u8] = vec::from_elem(1024, 0u8);
    }
}

fn bench_set_memory(b: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    do b.iter {
        let mut v: ~[u8] = vec::with_capacity(1024);
        unsafe {
            let vp = vec::raw::to_mut_ptr(v);
            ptr::set_memory(vp, 0, 1024);
            vec::raw::set_len(&mut v, 1024);
        }
    }
}

fn bench_vec_repeat(b: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    do b.iter {
        let v: ~[u8] = ~[0u8, ..1024];
    }
}
~~~

Before:

    test bench_from_elem ... bench: 415 ns/iter (+/- 17)
    test bench_set_memory ... bench: 85 ns/iter (+/- 4)
    test bench_vec_repeat ... bench: 83 ns/iter (+/- 3)

After:

    test bench_from_elem ... bench: 84 ns/iter (+/- 2)
    test bench_set_memory ... bench: 84 ns/iter (+/- 5)
    test bench_vec_repeat ... bench: 84 ns/iter (+/- 3)
std: Disallow bytes 0xC0, 0xC1 (192, 193) in utf-8

Bytes 0xC0, 0xC1 can only be used to start 2-byte codepoint encodings,
that are 'overlong encodings' of codepoints below 128.

The reference given in a comment -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629
-- does in fact already exclude these bytes, so no additional comment
should be needed in the code.
Do not enforce two newlines after the options
std: Deny overlong encodings in UTF-8

An 'overlong encoding' is a codepoint encoded non-minimally using the
utf-8 format. Denying these enforce each codepoint to have only one
valid representation in utf-8.

An example is byte sequence 0xE0 0x80 0x80 which could be interpreted as
U+0, but it's an overlong encoding since the canonical form is just
0x00.

Another example is 0xE0 0x80 0xAF which was previously accepted and is
an overlong encoding of the solidus "/". Directory traversal characters
like / and . form the most compelling argument for why this commit is
security critical.

Factor out common UTF-8 decoding expressions as macros. This commit will
partly duplicate UTF-8 decoding, so it is now present in both
fn is_utf8() and .char_range_at(); the latter using an assumption of
a valid str.
std: Add from_bytes test for utf-8 using codepoints above 0xffff