.osx: Explain how to use the ⌘ + F iTunes hack with other system languages

Thanks to @renaudleo for this discovery.
.aliases: Make `fs` work with both GNU `stat` and OS X `stat`
.osx: Add the keyboard shortcut ⌘ + Enter to send an email in Mail.app
.osx: Reveal IP address, hostname, OS version, etc. when clicking the clock in the login window
.osx: Ask for the administrator password upfront

Use @cowboy’s `sudo` keep-alive snippet (https://gist.github.com/3118588)
to continuously update the existing `sudo` time stamp until `.osx` has
finished running.
.osx: Kill the affected applications by their new OS X 10.8 names as well

E.g. by killing both iCal and Calendar we support pre-OS X 10.8 and OS X 10.8 itself.
.osx: Add a note about the iTunes track notifications in OS X 10.8
.functions: Rename `md` to `mkd` now that OS X 10.8 has an utility named `md`
.osx: Remove the iTunes track notifications tweak

It crashes the Dock in OS X 10.7.4 and doesn’t work in OS X 10.8 anyway.

Ref. https://github.com/mathiasbynens/dotfiles/commit/45c1bced7371b93a49f884bc6fe868571fe94402#commitcomment-1671603.
.osx: Add a note saying that the iCal debug menu tweak doesn’t work in OS X 10.8

Ref. #113.
.osx: Update some iTunes tweaks to work with iTunes 10.6.3

Ref. #114. Thanks to @mourawaldson for the heads-up!
.aliases: Use `command -v` instead of `type -t`

`type -t` is not as portable (i.e., not in POSIX) as `command -v`, and `command -v` also takes aliases and functions into account.

Ref. #109.
.bash_profile: Source `~/.path` before and `~/.extra` after all the other dotfiles
.bash_profile: Fix typo

Only source `~/.extra` once.
.functions: Make `dataurl` more generic
.functions: Add `phpserver`

Ref. #116.
.bash_profile: Update `killall` Tab completion for OS X 10.8
README: Add example `~/.path` file
.osx: Use list view in all Finder windows by default

http://superuser.com/questions/320955/forcing-lion-finder-to-open-in-list-view#comment345957_320955
bin: Add `subl` symbolic link