GSeekable: document seek-past-end semantics

Introduce the concept of "fixed" vs. "resizable" streams and document
how g_seekable_seek() works for each case.

We don't include g_seekable_is_fixed_size() at this point because we
don't know if anyone would require it.  This may appear in the future if
someone asks for it, however.

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=684842
Change semantics of seek on memory output stream

It is our intention that memory output streams should operate in two
distinct modes, depending on if a realloc function was provided or not.

In the case that we have a realloc function (resizable mode), we want
the stream to behave as if it were a file that started out empty.  In
the case that we don't have a realloc function (fixed-sized mode), we
want the stream to behave as a block device would.

To this end, we introduce two changes in functionality:

 - seeking to SEEK_END on a resizable stream will now seek to the end of
   the valid data region, not to the end of the allocated memory (which
   is really just an implementation detail)

 - seeks past the end of the allocated memory size are now permitted,
   but only on resizable streams.  The next write will grow the buffer
   (inserting zeros between).

Some tweaks to testcases were required in order not to break the build,
which indicates that this is an API break, but it seems unlikely that
anyone will be effected by these changes 'in the real world'.

Updates to documentation and further testcases are in following commits.

Based on a patch from Maciej Piechotka <uzytkownik2@gmail.com>.

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=684842
GMemoryOutputStream: improve seek tests

Improve test coverage for testing seeking on fixed vs. resizable
GMemoryOutputStream.

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=684842
GMemoryOutputStream: docs and whitespace fixes

Document the difference between resizable and fixed-sized streams,
particularly with regards to sizing and seeking.

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=684842
file-info: Add a G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_THUMBNAIL_IS_VALID attribute

This indicates whether the thumbnail (given by G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_THUMBNAIL_PATH)
is valid — i.e. to represent the file in its current state. If
G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_THUMBNAIL_IS_VALID is FALSE (for a normal _or_ failed
thumbnail) it means the file has changed since the thumbnail was generated, and
the thumbnail is out of date.

Part of checking thumbnail validity (by the spec) involves parsing
headers out of the thumbnail .png so we include some (small) code to do
that in a separate file.  We will likely want to copy this code to gvfs
to do the same for GVfsFile.

Heavily based on a patch from Philip Withnall <philip.withnall@collabora.co.uk>
who suggested the feature and designed the API.

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=709898