Restore development version

No functional change.
Use null move when depth >= 2 plies

Passed both short TC:
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 23725 W: 5031 L: 4855 D: 13839

And long TC:
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 15730 W: 2939 L: 2754 D: 10037

bench: 4729333
Retire redundant endgames

The case of two lone kings on the board is already considered
by the "No pawns" scaling factor rules in material.cpp as is
KBK and KNK.

Moreover we had a small leak in endgames map because for
KK endgame it happens white and black material keys are the
same (both equal to zero), so when adding the black endgame in
Endgames::add() we were overwriting the already exsisting
white one, leading to a memory leak found by Valgrind.

So remove the endgames althogheter and rely on scaling
to correctly set the endgames value to a draw.

No functional change.
Simplify condition for backward pawn

No functional changes.
Fix KBPK bug

With

position fen 7k/8/8/8/8/7P/6K1/7B w - - 0 1
go depth 25

The evaluation at depth 22 is not draw as it should be. The reason is that
when search reaches the position 8/6kP/8/8/8/3B4/6K1/8 w - - 0 1 if white plays
h8R or h8N then we get a position that is a "KNOWN_WIN" and is _not_ a check, so
futility pruning in qsearch kicks in and black may think that it is "futile"
to reply Kxh8 since, according to the logic of the code, it cannot raise the score
back towards a draw.

bench: 4728533
Simplify kf definition in shelter_storm()

No functional change.
Simplify chain detection

No functional change.
Time management: move faster if PV is stable

Move faster but compensate by allocating more
time when the best move changes.

Passed short TC at 15+0.05
LLR: 2.93 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 13895 W: 3030 L: 2882 D: 798

Long TC at 60+0.05
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 9266 W: 1777 L: 1624 D: 5865

At time increment 30+0.5
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 6703 W: 1238 L: 1134 D: 4331

And at fixed game number, longer TC 120+0.05
ELO: 5.17 +-2.8 (95%) LOS: 100.0%
Total: 19306 W: 3378 L: 3091 D: 12837

bench: 4728533
Add lsb() overload

Helper to find least significant bit relative to
the given color.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com>
Replace hardcoded 128 by constant

No functional change.
Bonus for rook behind a passed

If our rook is behind a passed pawn, all
squares are defended.

One of the longest tests to pass !

Passed both short TC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 44560 W: 9518 L: 9281 D: 25761

And long TC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 61348 W: 11618 L: 11192 D: 38538

bench: 3787694
Enable LMR for dangerous moves

Passed both short TC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 5598 W: 1250 L: 1125 D: 3223

And long TC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 16441 W: 3102 L: 2912 D: 10427

bench: 4620975
Use frontmost_sq() and backmost_sq helpers

Should easier to read than the lsb() / msb() low
level functions.

No functional change.
Fix a bogus assert in allows()

Becuase castle is coded as "king captures the rook"
the to_sq(move), A1/8 or H1/8 is empty after the move,
leading to assert assert(p != NO_PIECE) in color_of().

Teach allows() asserts about castle and fix the crash.

Bug reported by Ryan Takker and tracked down by Tom Vijlbrief.

No functional change.
Assorted clean up in endgames

No functional change.
Union of 2 changes that failed with good score

This is a union of 2 changes:

A tweak of recaptures limit from Joona Kiiski
http://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/52166d7c0ebc59319a242400

and a tweak of move count pruning from Leonid Pechenik
http://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5217c7e60ebc59319a242456

The set passed both short TC at 30+0.05
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 18936 W: 3723 L: 3566 D: 11647

And the usual long TC at 60+0.05
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94)
Total: 48962 W: 8837 L: 8487 D: 31638

bench: 3453945
Improve ARM compatibility

STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html in Android NDK says:

It is recommended to use the -mthumb compiler flag to force the generation
of 16-bit Thumb-1 instructions (the default being 32-bit ARM ones).

If you want to target the 'armeabi-v7a' ABI, you will need ensure that the
following two flags are being used:

  CFLAGS='-march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=softfp'

Note: The first flag enables Thumb-2 instructions, and the second one
      enables H/W FPU instructions while ensuring that floating-point
      parameters are passed in core registers, which is critical for
      ABI compatibility. Do *not* use these flags separately!

Thanks to Peter Osterlund for pointout this doc and for showing me
an example Makefile to follow.

No functional change.
Don't use lpthread for Android

Thanks to Peter Osterlund for the feedback.

No functional change.
Rewrite KBBKN endgame

This was thought to be a draw but the bishops generally win. However,
it takes up to 66 moves. The position in the diagram was thought to be
a draw for over one hundred years, but tablebases show that White wins
in 45 moves. All of the long wins go through this type of semi-fortress
position. It takes several moves to force Black out of the temporary
fortress in the corner; then precise play with the bishops prevents Black
from forming the temporary fortress in another corner (Nunn 1995:265ff).

Before computer analysis, Speelman listed this position as unresolved,
but "probably a draw" (Speelman 1981:109).

bench: 3453945
Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'