Removed redundant code (setDefaultAKAZEOptions)

and added friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const AKAZEOptions&
options)
for debugging options.
Code cleaning (see details)

- Various code cleaning
- Replace every char string[NMAX] by std::string
- Added template function to stringify numeric types to replace strcmp,
strcat and so on...
- Made command line function nicer to read
- Corrected "test_akaze_program.py" and tested that AKAZE works.