[backport] Commit .gitignore directly

Rather than relying on the cloner to copy the
provided gitignore.SAMPLE files.

This finishes the job started in c48509598, mostly
by reverting that commit and moving the two existing
SAMPLE files to the final destinations.

Use `.git/info/exclude` to augment the list of patterns
with entries specific to your workflow.
(cherry picked from commit b51cb581270da7021b2ea122dc059847101d56a7)

==============================================
Paring back the scope of our shared .gitignore

Importantly, limit the exclusion of build.properties
to the file in the root directory, paving the way for
the return of an SBT build.

  - Unignores .bak, .jar, and ~
  - limit ignorance of qbin to the root directory

.log files, generated by partest, are still ignored.

To see ignored files in your workspace, try:

    git ls-files --others --ignored --exclude-standard -- test | grep log
    git status --ignored -- test
(cherry picked from commit f0bbd2ca32acb40be37dc382c1f95081deca3f22)