Introduce timer slack controller

From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>

task_get_effective_timer_slack() returns timer slack value to be used
to configure per-task timers. It can be equal or higher than task's
timer slack value.

For now task_get_effective_timer_slack() returns timer_slack_ns of the
task. Timer slack cgroup controller will implement a bit more
sophisticated logic.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>

From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>

PR_GET_EFFECTIVE_TIMERSLACK allows process to know its effective timer
slack value.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>

From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>

Every task_struct has timer_slack_ns value. This value uses to round up
poll() and select() timeout values. This feature can be useful in
mobile environment where combined wakeups are desired.

Originally, prctl() was the only way to change timer slack value of
a process. So you was not able change timer slack value of another
process.

cgroup subsys "timer_slack" implements timer slack controller. It
provides a way to set minimal timer slack value for a group of tasks.
If a task belongs to a cgroup with minimal timer slack value higher than
task's value, cgroup's value will be applied.

Timer slack controller allows to implement setting timer slack value of
a process based on a policy. For example, you can create foreground and
background cgroups and move tasks between them based on system state.

Idea-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>

From: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>

Changelog:

v10 [7 month later, thanks to A Plumber's Wish List]:
 - rebased to linux-next-20111011
v9:
 - update documentation
 - minor cleanup
v8:
 - change hiearchy rules
 - introduce timer_slack.effective_slack_ns
 - get_task_timer_slack() -> task_get_effective_timer_slack()
 - task_get_effective_timer_slack() splited in separate patch
 - implement PR_GET_EFFECTIVE_TIMERSLACK
v7:
 - totally reworked interface and rewritten from scratch
   (See Documentation/cgroups/timer_slack.txt for more information)
v6:
 - add documentation
 - use notifier_call_chain() instead of check hook
 - fix validate_change()
 - cleanup
v5:
 - -EBUSY on writing to timer_slack.min_slack_ns/max_slack_ns if a child has
   wider min-max range
v4:
 - hierarchy support
 - drop dummy_timer_slack_check()
 - workaround lockdep false (?) positive
 - allow 0 as timer slack value
v3:
 - rework interface
 - s/EXPORT_SYMBOL/EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL/
v2:
 - fixed with CONFIG_CGROUP_TIMER_SLACK=y
v1:
 - initial revision

Kirill A. Shutemov (3):
  hrtimer: introduce effective timer slack
  hrtimer: implement PR_GET_EFFECTIVE_TIMERSLACK
  cgroups: introduce timer slack controller

 Documentation/cgroups/timer_slack.txt |   72 +++++++++++++++++++
 fs/select.c                           |    7 +--
 include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h         |    7 ++
 include/linux/prctl.h                 |    6 ++
 include/linux/sched.h                 |   10 +++
 init/Kconfig                          |    8 ++
 kernel/Makefile                       |    1 +
 kernel/cgroup_timer_slack.c           |  124 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/fork.c                         |    4 +
 kernel/futex.c                        |    4 +-
 kernel/hrtimer.c                      |    2 +-
 kernel/sys.c                          |    3 +
 12 files changed, 240 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/cgroups/timer_slack.txt
 create mode 100644 kernel/cgroup_timer_slack.c
Proportional Rate Reduction for TCP

http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.2#head-1c3e71416a9fdc2f59c1c251a97963f165302b6e

This patch implements Proportional Rate Reduction (PRR) for TCP.
PRR is an algorithm that determines TCP's sending rate in fast
recovery. PRR avoids excessive window reductions and aims for
the actual congestion window size at the end of recovery to be as
close as possible to the window determined by the congestion control
algorithm. PRR also improves accuracy of the amount of data sent
during loss recovery.

The patch implements the recommended flavor of PRR called PRR-SSRB
(Proportional rate reduction with slow start reduction bound) and
replaces the existing rate halving algorithm. PRR improves upon the
existing Linux fast recovery under a number of conditions including:
  1) burst losses where the losses implicitly reduce the amount of
outstanding data (pipe) below the ssthresh value selected by the
congestion control algorithm and,
  2) losses near the end of short flows where application runs out of
data to send.

As an example, with the existing rate halving implementation a single
loss event can cause a connection carrying short Web transactions to
go into the slow start mode after the recovery. This is because during
recovery Linux pulls the congestion window down to packets_in_flight+1
on every ACK. A short Web response often runs out of new data to send
and its pipe reduces to zero by the end of recovery when all its packets
are drained from the network. Subsequent HTTP responses using the same
connection will have to slow start to raise cwnd to ssthresh. PRR on
the other hand aims for the cwnd to be as close as possible to ssthresh
by the end of recovery.

A description of PRR and a discussion of its performance can be found at
the following links:
- IETF Draft:
    http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mathis-tcpm-proportional-rate-reduction-01
- IETF Slides:
    http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/80/slides/tcpm-6.pdf
    http://tools.ietf.org/agenda/81/slides/tcpm-2.pdf
- Paper to appear in Internet Measurements Conference (IMC) 2011:
    Improving TCP Loss Recovery
    Nandita Dukkipati, Matt Mathis, Yuchung Cheng

Signed-off-by: Nandita Dukkipati <nanditad@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Bump kernel version to 0.410

Change-Id: I7810dbb32b68ec83574557acbdb45df906a2c28b