swc-installation-test-1.py: Link to s-c.o's terminal.html

For screen shots and additional platform support.
swc-installation-test-2.py: Add support for package-specific URLs

To give users more targeted advice for fixing their installation
problems, we should link them to somewhere more specific than the root
SWC setup page.  The two knobs in the specific URL are system/OS
(Gentoo, Debian, OS X, MS Windows, ...) and package (the dependency
name: emacs, git, virtual-browser, ...).  We don't have consistent
URLs upstream yet [1], but maybe this commit will help motivate them
;).

[1]: https://github.com/swcarpentry/website/issues/2
swc-installation-test-2.py: List supported Ubuntu install hints

From http://software-carpentry.org/setup/ubuntu.html, in the order
that they are currently listed.  The page sections don't have the
appropriate anchor IDs yet, but it's still better to link to the
Ubuntu page than to the root setup/ page.