Teach mv to move submodules together with their work trees

Currently the attempt to use "git mv" on a submodule errors out with:
  fatal: source directory is empty, source=<src>, destination=<dest>
The reason is that mv searches for the submodule with a trailing slash in
the index, which it doesn't find (because it is stored without a trailing
slash). As it doesn't find any index entries inside the submodule it
claims the directory would be empty even though it isn't.

Fix that by searching for the name without a trailing slash and continue
if it is a submodule. Then rename() will move the submodule work tree just
like it moves a file.

Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Teach mv to move submodules using a gitfile

When moving a submodule which uses a gitfile to point to the git directory
stored in .git/modules/<name> of the superproject two changes must be made
to make the submodule work: the .git file and the core.worktree setting
must be adjusted to point from work tree to git directory and back.

Achieve that by remembering which submodule uses a gitfile by storing the
result of read_gitfile() of each submodule. If that is not NULL the new
function connect_work_tree_and_git_dir() is called after renaming the
submodule's work tree which updates the two settings to the new values.

Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
submodule.c: add .gitmodules staging helper functions

Add the new is_staging_gitmodules_ok() and stage_updated_gitmodules()
functions to submodule.c. The first makes it possible for call sites to
see if the .gitmodules file did contain any unstaged modifications they
would accidentally stage in addition to those they intend to stage
themselves. The second function stages all modifications to the
.gitmodules file, both will be used by subsequent patches for the mv
and rm commands.

During gitmodules_config() we check if the .gitmodules file contains any
unstaged modifications and set the gitmodules_is_modified accordingly. To
achieve that, we had to export the ce_modified_check_fs() function from
read-cache.c.

Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Teach mv to update the path entry in .gitmodules for moved submodules

Currently using "git mv" on a submodule moves the submodule's work tree in
that of the superproject. But the submodule's path setting in .gitmodules
is left untouched, which is now inconsistent with the work tree and makes
git commands that rely on the proper path -> name mapping (like status and
diff) behave strangely.

Let "git mv" help here by not only moving the submodule's work tree but
also updating the "submodule.<submodule name>.path" setting from the
.gitmodules file and stage both. This doesn't happen when no .gitmodules
file is found and only issues a warning when it doesn't have a section for
this submodule. This is because the user might just use plain gitlinks
without the .gitmodules file or has already updated the path setting by
hand before issuing the "git mv" command (in which case the warning
reminds him that mv would have done that for him). Only when .gitmodules
is found and contains merge conflicts the mv command will fail and tell
the user to resolve the conflict before trying again.

Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
rm: delete .gitmodules entry of submodules removed from the work tree

Currently using "git rm" on a submodule removes the submodule's work tree
from that of the superproject and the gitlink from the index. But the
submodule's section in .gitmodules is left untouched, which is a leftover
of the now removed submodule and might irritate users (as opposed to the
setting in .git/config, this must stay as a reminder that the user showed
interest in this submodule so it will be repopulated later when an older
commit is checked out).

Let "git rm" help the user by not only removing the submodule from the
work tree but by also removing the "submodule.<submodule name>" section
from the .gitmodules file and stage both. This doesn't happen when the
"--cached" option is used, as it would modify the work tree. This also
silently does nothing when no .gitmodules file is found and only issues a
warning when it doesn't have a section for this submodule. This is because
the user might just use plain gitlinks without the .gitmodules file or has
already removed the section by hand before issuing the "git rm" command
(in which case the warning reminds him that rm would have done that for
him). Only when .gitmodules is found and contains merge conflicts the rm
command will fail and tell the user to resolve the conflict before trying
again.

In t7610 three uses of "git rm submod" had to be replaced with "git rm
--cached submod" because that test expects .gitmodules and the work tree
to stay untouched. Also in t7400 the tests for the remaining settings in
the .gitmodules file had to be changed to assert that these settings are
missing.

Signed-off-by: Jens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>