[Sync] Support unrecoverable error uploading on non-win platforms

We now use chrome/common/dump_without_crashing.h, and only upload on canary/
dev builds.

BUG=127429

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/80963003

git-svn-id: svn://svn.chromium.org/chrome/trunk/src@236623 0039d316-1c4b-4281-b951-d872f2087c98
SVN changes up to revision 236623