(#22288) Add tests for new methods in `Puppet::Type`

Without this commit there is no way to test the functionality
added to access all parameters in `Puppet::Type`. The functionality
being tested consists of two new methods to access all parameters that
have values set for an instance of `Puppet::Type`.

This commit adds three tests to the 'spec/unit/type_spec.rb' to test the
new behavior.
(#22288) Add test coverage for `post_catalog_compile`

Without this commit there is no way to test the functionality surrounding
the `post_catalog_compile` hook. The functionality mentioned adds a
`post_catalog_compile` hook to all parameters. This hook is called on
the parameters from the `Puppet::Type#finish` method.

This commit adds two tests to 'spec/unit/type_spec.rb' in order to validate
the new behavior that has been added.