clang-format: Additional options for spaces around parentheses.

This patch adds four new options to control:
- Spaces after control keyworks (if(..) vs if (..))
- Spaces in empty parentheses (f( ) vs f())
- Spaces in c-style casts (( int )1.0 vs (int)1.0)
- Spaces in other parentheses (f(a) vs f( a ))

Patch by Joe Hermaszewski. Thank you for working on this!