runtime: add cgocallback_gofunc that can call Go func value

For now, all the callbacks from C use top-level Go functions,
so they use the equivalent C function pointer, and will continue
to do so. But perhaps some day this will be useful for calling
a Go func value (at least if the type is already known).

More importantly, the Windows callback code needs to be able
to use cgocallback_gofunc to call a Go func value.
Should fix the Windows build.

R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://codereview.appspot.com/7388049