timers: handle signed int32 overflow in enroll()

Before this patch calling `socket.setTimeout(0xffffffff)` will result in
signed int32 overflow in C++ which resulted in assertion error:

    Assertion failed: (timeout >= -1), function uv__io_poll, file
    ../deps/uv/src/unix/kqueue.c, line 121.

see #5101
stream: Fix stall in Transform under very specific conditions

The stall is exposed in the test, though the test itself asserts before
it stalls.

The test is constructed to replicate the stalling state of a complex
Passthrough usecase since I was not able to reliable trigger the stall.

Some of the preconditions for triggering the stall are:
  * rs.length >= rs.highWaterMark
  * !rs.needReadable
  * _transform() handler that can return empty transforms
  * multiple sync write() calls

Combined this can trigger a case where rs.reading is not cleared when
further progress requires this. The fix is to always clear rs.reading.
doc: document that stdio is usually blocking
crypto: check randomBytes() size argument

Throw a TypeError if size > 0x3fffffff. Avoids the following V8 fatal
error:

  FATAL ERROR: v8::Object::SetIndexedPropertiesToExternalArrayData()
  length exceeds max acceptable value

Fixes #5126.
v8: Unify kMaxArguments with number of bits used to encode it.

Increase the number of bits by 1 by making Flags unsigned.

BUG=chromium:211741

Review URL: https://chromiumcodereview.appspot.com/12886008

This is a back-port of commits 13964 and 13988 addressing CVE-2013-2632.
tls: remove harmful unnecessary bounds checking

The EncIn, EncOut, ClearIn & ClearOut functions are victims of some code
copy + pasting. A common line copied to all of them is:

`if (off >= buffer_length) { ...`

448e0f43 corrected ClearIn's check from `>=` to `>`, but left the others
unchanged (with an incorrect bounds check). However, if you look down at
the next very next bounds check you'll see:

`if (off + len > buffer_length) { ...`

So the check is actually obviated by the next line, and should be
removed.

This fixes an issue where writing a zero-length buffer to an encrypted
pair's *encrypted* stream you would get a crash.
timer: fix off-by-one ms error

Fix #5103
doc: update CONTRIBUTING.md

* Latest stable is v0.10 now.
* Add example of what the first line of the commit log should look like.
tools: update gyp to r1601

Among other things, this should make it easier for people to build
node.js on openbsd.
stream: Fix early end in Writables on zero-length writes

Doing this causes problems:

    z.write(Buffer(0));
    z.end();

Fix by not ending Writable streams while they're still in the process of
writing something.
deps: fix openssl build on windows

Commit 8632af3 ("tools: update gyp to r1601") broke the Windows build.

Older versions of GYP link to kernel32.lib, user32.lib, etc. but that
was changed in r1584. See https://codereview.chromium.org/12256017

Fix the build by explicitly linking to the required libraries.
bench: add child process read perf benchmark
child_process: fix sending utf-8 to child process

In process#send() and child_process.ChildProcess#send(), use 'utf8' as
the encoding instead of 'ascii' because 'ascii' mutilates non-ASCII
input. Correctly handle partial character sequences by introducing
a StringDecoder.

Sending over UTF-8 no longer works in v0.10 because the high bit of
each byte is now cleared when converting a Buffer to ASCII. See
commit 96a314b for details.

Fixes #4999 and #5011.
doc: mention `process.*.isTTY` under `process`
crypto: make getCiphers() return non-SSL ciphers

Commit f53441a added crypto.getCiphers() as a function that returns the
names of SSL ciphers.

Commit 14a6c4e then added crypto.getHashes(), which returns the names of
digest algorithms, but that creates a subtle inconsistency: the return
values of crypto.getHashes() are valid arguments to crypto.createHash()
but that is not true for crypto.getCiphers() - the returned values are
only valid for SSL/TLS functions.

Rectify that by adding tls.getCiphers() and making crypto.getCiphers()
return proper cipher names.
child_process: don't emit same handle twice

It's possible to read multiple messages off the parent/child channel.
When that happens, make sure that recvHandle is cleared after emitting
the first message so it doesn't get emitted twice.
test: test name is the last elem, not second

When a test requires node to have parameters passed (--expose-gc) the
test name will be the last element in the command array, not the second.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/v0.10'

Conflicts:
	deps/v8/src/objects-inl.h
	deps/v8/src/objects.h
	src/node_crypto.cc