EDF schedulers: Support early job releasing.

This patch allows a task to request early releasing
via rt_task parameters to sys_set_task_rt_param().
Note that early releasing can easily peg your CPUs
since early-releasing tasks never suspend to wait for
their next job. As such, early releasing is really
only useful in the context of implementing bandwidth
servers, interrupt handling threads (or any thread that
spends most of its time waiting for an event), or
short-lived computations. If early releasing pegs your
CPUs, then you probably shouldn't be using it.
Differentiate between PERIODIC and SPORADIC tasks.

Tasks can now be PERIODIC or SPORADIC.

PERIODIC tasks do not have their job number incremented
when they wake up and are tardy. PERIODIC jobs must
end with a call to sys_complete_job() to set up their next
release. (Not currently supported by pfair.)

SPORADIC tasks _do_ have their job number incremented when
they wake up and are tardy. SPORADIC is the default task
behavior, carrying forward Litmus's current behavior.