[FEATURE] Introduce a PHP Enumeration type

Implement a enumeration type without a
relation to 3rd party php modules.

Resolves: #52707
Releases: 6.2
Change-Id: Ie1138cf343a029132357640401f3a501fc0a3290
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/24598
Reviewed-by: Sebastian Fischer
Tested-by: Sebastian Fischer
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn