clone: allow cloning local paths with colons in them

Usually "foo:bar" is interpreted as an ssh url. This patch allows to
clone from such paths by putting at least one slash before the colon
(i.e. /path/to/foo:bar or just ./foo:bar).

file://foo:bar should also work, but local optimizations are off in
that case, which may be unwanted. While at there, warn the users about
--local being ignored in this case.

Reported-by: William Giokas <1007380@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
get_sha1: improve ambiguity warning regarding SHA-1 and ref names

When we get 40 hex digits, we immediately assume it's an SHA-1. Warn
about ambiguity if there's also refs/heads/$sha1 (or similar) on system.

When we successfully resolve a ref like "1234abc" and "1234abc"
happens to be valid abbreviated SHA-1 on system, warn also.

Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Merge branch 'fc/transport-helper-error-reporting' into jch

Update transport helper to report errors and maintain ref hierarchy
used to keep track of remote helper state better.

* fc/transport-helper-error-reporting:
  t5801: "VAR=VAL shell_func args" is forbidden
  transport-helper: update remote helper namespace
  transport-helper: trivial code shuffle
  transport-helper: warn when refspec is not used
  transport-helper: clarify pushing without refspecs
  transport-helper: update refspec documentation
  transport-helper: clarify *:* refspec
  transport-helper: improve push messages
  transport-helper: mention helper name when it dies
  transport-helper: report errors properly

# Conflicts:
# 	t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
Merge branch 'js/transport-helper-error-reporting-fix' into jch

Finishing touches to fc/transport-helper-error-reporting topic.

* js/transport-helper-error-reporting-fix:
  git-remote-testgit: build it to run under $SHELL_PATH
  git-remote-testgit: further remove some bashisms
  git-remote-testgit: avoid process substitution
Merge branch 'mh/fetch-into-shallow' into jch

* mh/fetch-into-shallow:
  t5500: add test for fetching with an unknown 'shallow'
  upload-pack: ignore 'shallow' lines with unknown obj-ids
Merge branch 'tr/line-log' into jch

* tr/line-log:
  git-log(1): remove --full-line-diff description
  line-log: fix documentation formatting
  log -L: improve comments in process_all_files()
  log -L: store the path instead of a diff_filespec
  log -L: test merge of parallel modify/rename
  t4211: pass -M to 'git log -M -L...' test
  log -L: fix overlapping input ranges
  log -L: check range set invariants when we look it up
  Speed up log -L... -M
  log -L: :pattern:file syntax to find by funcname
  Implement line-history search (git log -L)
  Export rewrite_parents() for 'log -L'
  Refactor parse_loc

# Conflicts:
# 	Documentation/git-log.txt
# 	log-tree.c
Merge branch 'jc/prune-all' into jch

We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options
of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and
--expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp.
Update "git gc" and "git reflog" with a new parsing function for
expiry dates.

* jc/prune-all:
  prune: introduce OPT_EXPIRY_DATE() and use it
  api-parse-options.txt: document "no-" for non-boolean options
  git-gc.txt, git-reflog.txt: document new expiry options
  date.c: add parse_expiry_date()
Merge branch 'jl/submodule-mv' into jch

"git mv A B" when moving a submodule A does "the right thing",
inclusing relocating its working tree and adjusting the paths in
the .gitmodules file.

* jl/submodule-mv:
  submodule.c: duplicate real_path's return value
  rm: delete .gitmodules entry of submodules removed from the work tree
  Teach mv to update the path entry in .gitmodules for moved submodules
  Teach mv to move submodules using a gitfile
  Teach mv to move submodules together with their work trees
Merge branch 'jk/submodule-subdirectory-ok' into jch

Allow various subcommands of "git submodule" to be run not from the
top of the working tree of the superproject.

* jk/submodule-subdirectory-ok:
  submodule: fix quoting in relative_path()
  submodule: drop the top-level requirement
  rev-parse: add --prefix option
Merge branch 'jh/checkout-auto-tracking' into jch

Updates "git checkout foo" that DWIMs the intended "upstream" and
turns it into "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo" to
correctly take existing remote definitions into account.  The
remote "origin" may be what uniquely map its own branch to
remotes/some/where/foo but that some/where may not be "origin".

* jh/checkout-auto-tracking:
  glossary: Update and rephrase the definition of a remote-tracking branch
  branch.c: Validate tracking branches with refspecs instead of refs/remotes/*
  t9114.2: Don't use --track option against "svn-remote"-tracking branches
  t7201.24: Add refspec to keep --track working
  t3200.39: tracking setup should fail if there is no matching refspec.
  checkout: Use remote refspecs when DWIMming tracking branches
  t2024: Show failure to use refspec when DWIMming remote branch names
  t2024: Add tests verifying current DWIM behavior of 'git checkout <branch>'
Merge branch 'as/check-ignore' into jch

Enhance "check-ignore" (1.8.2 update) to work more like "check-attr"
over bidi-pipes.

* as/check-ignore:
  t0008: use named pipe (FIFO) to test check-ignore streaming
  Documentation: add caveats about I/O buffering for check-{attr,ignore}
  check-ignore: allow incremental streaming of queries via --stdin
  check-ignore: move setup into cmd_check_ignore()
  check-ignore: add -n / --non-matching option
  t0008: remove duplicated test fixture data

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/check-ignore.c
Merge branch 'mh/packed-refs-various' into jch

Updates reading and updating packed-refs file, correcting corner
case bugs.

* mh/packed-refs-various: (33 commits)
  refs: handle the main ref_cache specially
  refs: change do_for_each_*() functions to take ref_cache arguments
  pack_one_ref(): do some cheap tests before a more expensive one
  pack_one_ref(): use write_packed_entry() to do the writing
  pack_one_ref(): use function peel_entry()
  refs: inline function do_not_prune()
  pack_refs(): change to use do_for_each_entry()
  refs: use same lock_file object for both ref-packing functions
  pack_one_ref(): rename "path" parameter to "refname"
  pack-refs: merge code from pack-refs.{c,h} into refs.{c,h}
  pack-refs: rename handle_one_ref() to pack_one_ref()
  refs: extract a function write_packed_entry()
  repack_without_ref(): write peeled refs in the rewritten file
  t3211: demonstrate loss of peeled refs if a packed ref is deleted
  refs: change how packed refs are deleted
  search_ref_dir(): return an index rather than a pointer
  repack_without_ref(): silence errors for dangling packed refs
  t3210: test for spurious error messages for dangling packed refs
  refs: change the internal reference-iteration API
  refs: extract a function peel_entry()
  ...
Merge branch 'rj/sparse' into jch

* rj/sparse:
  sparse: Fix mingw_main() argument number/type errors
  compat/mingw.c: Fix some sparse warnings
  compat/win32mmap.c: Fix some sparse warnings
  compat/poll/poll.c: Fix a sparse warning
  compat/win32/pthread.c: Fix a sparse warning
  compat/unsetenv.c: Fix a sparse warning
  compat/nedmalloc: Fix compiler warnings on linux
  compat/nedmalloc: Fix some sparse warnings
  compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c: Fix a sparse error
  compat/regex/regexec.c: Fix some sparse warnings
Merge branch 'jk/test-output' into jch

When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat
inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic
to summarize the results looked at a wrong place.

* jk/test-output:
  t/Makefile: don't define TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY recursively
  test output: respect $TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
  t/Makefile: fix result handling with TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
Merge branch 'jk/subtree-do-not-push-if-split-fails' into jch

"git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
checks to lose data at the remote side.

* jk/subtree-do-not-push-if-split-fails:
  contrib/subtree: don't delete remote branches if split fails
Merge branch 'jk/lookup-object-prefer-latest' into jch

Optimizes object lookup when the object hashtable starts to become
crowded.

* jk/lookup-object-prefer-latest:
  lookup_object: prioritize recently found objects
Merge branch 'jn/config-ignore-inaccessible' into jch

When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
used to complain and die. This loosens the check.

* jn/config-ignore-inaccessible:
  config: allow inaccessible configuration under $HOME
### match next
Merge branch 'fc/completion' into jch

I saw this discussed somewhat. Is everybody happy with this
version?  This is its v2, in the $gmane/222682 thread.

* fc/completion:
  completion: remove __git_index_file_list_filter()
  completion: add space after completed filename
  completion: add hack to enable file mode in bash < 4
  completion: refactor __git_complete_index_file()
  completion: refactor diff_index wrappers
  completion: use __gitcompadd for __gitcomp_file
  completion; remove unuseful comments
  completion: document tilde expansion failure in tests
  completion: add file completion tests
Merge branch 'rj/mingw-cygwin' into jch

Cygwin portability; both were reviewed by Jonathan, and the tip one
seems to want a bit further explanation.  Needs positive report
from Cygwin 1.7 users who have been on 1.7 to make sure it does not
regress for them.

* rj/mingw-cygwin:
  cygwin: Remove the CYGWIN_V15_WIN32API build variable
  mingw: rename WIN32 cpp macro to GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE