Use prefix operators wherever possible

No functional change.
Use double everywhere

Rationale:

- Speed of double and float is about the same (not on the hot path anyway)

- Double makes code prettier (no need to write 1.0f, just 1.0)

- Only practical advantage of float is to use less memory, but since we never
  store large arrays of double, we don't care.

No functional change.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'