fix handling of function attributes

The `noalias` attributes were being set only on function definitions,
not on all declarations. This is harmless for `noalias`, but prevented
some optimization opportunities and is *not* harmless for other
attributes like `sret` with ABI implications.

Closes #9104
add sret + noalias to the out pointer parameter

This brings Rust in line with how `clang` handles return pointers.

Example:

    pub fn bar() -> [uint, .. 8] {
        let a = [0, .. 8];
        a
    }

Before:

    ; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
    define void @_ZN3bar17ha4635c6f704bfa334v0.0E([8 x i64]* nocapture, { i64, %tydesc*, i8*, i8*, i8 }* nocapture readnone) #1 {
    "function top level":
      %a = alloca [8 x i64], align 8
      %2 = bitcast [8 x i64]* %a to i8*
      call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i64(i8* %2, i8 0, i64 64, i32 8, i1 false)
      %3 = bitcast [8 x i64]* %0 to i8*
      call void @llvm.memcpy.p0i8.p0i8.i64(i8* %3, i8* %2, i64 64, i32 8, i1 false)
      ret void
    }

After:

    ; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
    define void @_ZN3bar17ha4635c6f704bfa334v0.0E([8 x i64]* noalias nocapture sret, { i64, %tydesc*, i8*, i8*, i8 }* nocapture readnone) #1 {
    "function top level":
      %2 = bitcast [8 x i64]* %0 to i8*
      call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i64(i8* %2, i8 0, i64 64, i32 8, i1 false)
      ret void
    }

Closes #9072
Closes #7298
add missing `sret` attribute to calls (fn ptrs)
mark ~T ret values from function ptrs as noalias

Closes #9154
fix style in `trans_external_path`
document the register_fn split
document why attributes are set on CallInst